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From page 4... ... According to survey responses, crack sealing, followed by crack filling, cold milling, and thin HMA overlays, are the treatments most extensively used on both rural and urban HMA-surfaced roadways. Similarly, joint resealing, crack sealing, and diamond grinding are the treatments with the greatest use on rural and urban PCC pavements. Read the entire page →
From page 5... ... (ADT >10,000 vpd) Concrete joint sealing Extensive Extensive Concrete crack sealing Extensive Extensive Diamond grinding Extensive Extensive Diamond grooving Moderate Extensive Partial-depth concrete Extensive Moderate patching Full-depth concrete Extensive Extensive patching Dowel bar retrofitting Moderate Moderate (i.e., load transfer restoration) Read the entire page →
From page 6... ... On HMA-surfaced roadways, if transverse cracking is frequent but there is not a high degree of edge deterioration, a surface treatment such as a chip seal or slurry seal may be the best preservation strategy. If the transverse cracks are low to moderate in frequency and have progressed to a point of high edge deterioration, then crack repair or patching may be necessary. Read the entire page →
From page 7... ... ent Distress Surface Distressa Treatment riction Noise Light Moderate Heavy Crack filling /A Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Crack sealing /A Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Slurry seal imited None Moderate Limited None Microsurfacing oderate Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Chip seals oderate None Extensive Extensive Limited Ultra-thin bonded we xtensive Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Thin HMA overlay oderate Limited Extensive Extensive Limited Cold milling and ove oderate Limited Extensive Extensive Moderate Ultra-thin HMA overl oderate Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Hot in-place HMA re oderate Limited Extensive Moderate Moderate Cold in-place recycli imited Limited Moderate Extensive Extensive Profile milling oderate Limited Moderate Limited None Ultra-thin whitetoppi imited Limited Moderate Moderate Limited Note: Extensive = Use by a Various forms of crackin Table 2.5. Treatm nditionPavem Raveling Oxidation Bleeding Smoothness F N/A N/A N/A Limited N N/A N/A N/A Limited N Extensive Extensive Limited Limited L Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate M Moderate Extensive Limited Limited M aring course Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate E Extensive Moderate Moderate Extensive M rlay Extensive Moderate Moderate Extensive M ay Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate M cycling Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate M ng Limited Limited Limited Moderate L None None Limited Extensive M ng Limited Limited Limited Moderate L ≥66% of respondents; Moderate = 33% to 66% usage; Limited = <33% usage. Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... Work Zone Duration Restrictions The time available to apply a treatment is a practical consideration in treatment selection on high-traffic-volume roadways, as it dictates how much time is available to do the work.Climatic Crack Crack Slurry Single Multiple Single Multiple With Region Fill Seal Seal Course Course Course Course Polymer RURAL Deep freeze Extensive Extensive None Moderate Moderate Extensive Extensive Extensive Moderate freeze Extensive Extensive Moderate Extensive Moderate Moderate Limited Limited No freeze Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate Limited Moderate Moderate Moderate URBAN Deep freeze Extensive Extensive None Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate freeze Extensive Extensive Moderate Extensive Extensive Moderate Limited Limited No freeze Extensive Extensive Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate Moderate Moderate Note: Extensive = Use by ≥66% of respondents; Moderate = 33% to 66% usage; Limited = <33% usage. Table 2.7. Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... (continued) Cold UltraThin Thin Milling Thin Climatic Bonded HMA and HMA Profile Ultra-Thin Region Course Overlay Overlay Overlay Hot Cold Milling Whitetopping RURAL Deep freeze Moderate Extensive Extensive Limited Limited Moderate Limited Limited Moderate freeze Extensive Extensive Extensive Moderate Limited Moderate Moderate Limited No freeze Moderate Moderate Moderate None None Limited Moderate Limited URBAN Deep freeze Moderate Extensive Extensive Moderate Limited Moderate Limited Limited Moderate freeze Extensive Extensive Extensive Extensive Moderate Limited Extensive Moderate No freeze Moderate Moderate Extensive Limited Limited Moderate Moderate Limited In-Place Recycling Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... PCC Joint tial-Depth Full-Depth Dowel Bar Thin PCC Thin Bonded Thin HMA Climatic Region Sealing air Repair Retrofit Overlay Course Overlay RURAL Deep freeze Moderate nsive Extensive Extensive None Moderate Limited Moderate freeze Extensive nsive Extensive Moderate Limited Moderate Extensive No freeze Extensive nsive Extensive Moderate Limited Limited Limited URBAN Deep freeze Extensive erate Extensive Moderate None Limited Limited Moderate freeze Extensive nsive Extensive Moderate Limited Moderate Moderate No freeze Extensive nsive Extensive Extensive Limited Moderate Moderate Note: Extensive = Use by ≥66% of respo Table 2.8. Preservation Tre urfaced Roadways, by Climate RegionPCC Crack Diamond Diamond Par Sealing Grinding Grooving Rep Moderate Moderate Limited Exte Extensive Extensive Moderate Exte Extensive Extensive Limited Exte Moderate Moderate Limited Mod Extensive Extensive Moderate Exte Extensive Extensive Moderate Exte ndents; Moderate = 33% to 66% usage; Limited = <33% usage. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... Survey Results from Treatments Used During Different Closure Durations for HMA-Surfaced PavementsRural Urban Overnight or Overnight or Treatment Single Shift Weekend Longer Single Shift Weekend Longer Concrete joint resealing Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Concrete crack sealing Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Diamond grinding Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Diamond grooving Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Partial-depth concrete patching Extensive Moderate Moderate Extensive Moderate Limited Full-depth concrete patching Extensive Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Dowel bar retrofitting Extensive Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Ultra-thin bonded wearing course Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Thin HMA overlay Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Note: Extensive = Use by ≥66% of respondents; Moderate = 33% to 66% usage; Limited = <33% usage. Table 2.10. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... Crack filling 2–4 NA Crack sealing 3–8 2–5 Slurry seal 3–5 4–5 Microsurfacing Single course 3–6 3–5 Double course 4–7 4–6 Chip seal Single course 3–7 5–6 Double course 5–10 8–10 Ultra-thin bonded wearing course 7–12 NA Thin HMA overlay Dense graded 5–12 NA Open graded (OGFC) 6–12 NA Gap graded (SMA) Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... While the cost of cold in-place recycling depends on numerous factors, including depth of milling and the properties of the existing pavement, average costs are approximately $1.25 to $3.00/yd2. The cost of recycling can be four to six times more than the cost of chip seals and can be higher than the cost of constructing a thin HMA overlay. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... Estimated Unit Cost Joint resealing $ Crack sealing $ Diamond grinding $$ Diamond grooving $$ Partial-depth patching $$/$$$ Full-depth patching $$/$$$ Dowel bar retrofitting $$$ Ultra-thin bonded $$$ wearing course Thin HMA overlay $$$ Note: $ = low cost; $$ = moderate cost; $$$ = high cost; $$$$ = very high cost. $1.00 to $2.50/ft $0.75 to $2.00/ft $1.75 to $5.50/yd2 $1.25 to $3.00/yd2 $75 to $150/yd2 (patched area) Read the entire page →

From page 4...

... According to survey responses, crack sealing, followed by crack filling, cold milling, and thin HMA overlays, are the treatments most extensively used on both rural and urban HMA-surfaced roadways. Similarly, joint resealing, crack sealing, and diamond grinding are the treatments with the greatest use on rural and urban PCC pavements.

Read the entire page →

From page 5...

... (ADT >10,000 vpd) Concrete joint sealing Extensive Extensive Concrete crack sealing Extensive Extensive Diamond grinding Extensive Extensive Diamond grooving Moderate Extensive Partial-depth concrete Extensive Moderate patching Full-depth concrete Extensive Extensive patching Dowel bar retrofitting Moderate Moderate (i.e., load transfer restoration)

Read the entire page →

From page 6...

... On HMA-surfaced roadways, if transverse cracking is frequent but there is not a high degree of edge deterioration, a surface treatment such as a chip seal or slurry seal may be the best preservation strategy. If the transverse cracks are low to moderate in frequency and have progressed to a point of high edge deterioration, then crack repair or patching may be necessary.

Read the entire page →

From page 7...

... ent Distress Surface Distressa Treatment riction Noise Light Moderate Heavy Crack filling /A Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Crack sealing /A Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Slurry seal imited None Moderate Limited None Microsurfacing oderate Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Chip seals oderate None Extensive Extensive Limited Ultra-thin bonded we xtensive Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Thin HMA overlay oderate Limited Extensive Extensive Limited Cold milling and ove oderate Limited Extensive Extensive Moderate Ultra-thin HMA overl oderate Limited Extensive Moderate Limited Hot in-place HMA re oderate Limited Extensive Moderate Moderate Cold in-place recycli imited Limited Moderate Extensive Extensive Profile milling oderate Limited Moderate Limited None Ultra-thin whitetoppi imited Limited Moderate Moderate Limited Note: Extensive = Use by a Various forms of crackin Table 2.5. Treatm nditionPavem Raveling Oxidation Bleeding Smoothness F N/A N/A N/A Limited N N/A N/A N/A Limited N Extensive Extensive Limited Limited L Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate M Moderate Extensive Limited Limited M aring course Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate E Extensive Moderate Moderate Extensive M rlay Extensive Moderate Moderate Extensive M ay Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate M cycling Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate M ng Limited Limited Limited Moderate L None None Limited Extensive M ng Limited Limited Limited Moderate L ≥66% of respondents; Moderate = 33% to 66% usage; Limited = <33% usage.

Read the entire page →

From page 8...

... Work Zone Duration Restrictions The time available to apply a treatment is a practical consideration in treatment selection on high-traffic-volume roadways, as it dictates how much time is available to do the work.Climatic Crack Crack Slurry Single Multiple Single Multiple With Region Fill Seal Seal Course Course Course Course Polymer RURAL Deep freeze Extensive Extensive None Moderate Moderate Extensive Extensive Extensive Moderate freeze Extensive Extensive Moderate Extensive Moderate Moderate Limited Limited No freeze Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate Limited Moderate Moderate Moderate URBAN Deep freeze Extensive Extensive None Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate freeze Extensive Extensive Moderate Extensive Extensive Moderate Limited Limited No freeze Extensive Extensive Moderate Moderate Limited Moderate Moderate Moderate Note: Extensive = Use by ≥66% of respondents; Moderate = 33% to 66% usage; Limited = <33% usage. Table 2.7.

Read the entire page →

From page 9...

... (continued) Cold UltraThin Thin Milling Thin Climatic Bonded HMA and HMA Profile Ultra-Thin Region Course Overlay Overlay Overlay Hot Cold Milling Whitetopping RURAL Deep freeze Moderate Extensive Extensive Limited Limited Moderate Limited Limited Moderate freeze Extensive Extensive Extensive Moderate Limited Moderate Moderate Limited No freeze Moderate Moderate Moderate None None Limited Moderate Limited URBAN Deep freeze Moderate Extensive Extensive Moderate Limited Moderate Limited Limited Moderate freeze Extensive Extensive Extensive Extensive Moderate Limited Extensive Moderate No freeze Moderate Moderate Extensive Limited Limited Moderate Moderate Limited In-Place Recycling

Read the entire page →

From page 10...

... PCC Joint tial-Depth Full-Depth Dowel Bar Thin PCC Thin Bonded Thin HMA Climatic Region Sealing air Repair Retrofit Overlay Course Overlay RURAL Deep freeze Moderate nsive Extensive Extensive None Moderate Limited Moderate freeze Extensive nsive Extensive Moderate Limited Moderate Extensive No freeze Extensive nsive Extensive Moderate Limited Limited Limited URBAN Deep freeze Extensive erate Extensive Moderate None Limited Limited Moderate freeze Extensive nsive Extensive Moderate Limited Moderate Moderate No freeze Extensive nsive Extensive Extensive Limited Moderate Moderate Note: Extensive = Use by ≥66% of respo Table 2.8. Preservation Tre urfaced Roadways, by Climate RegionPCC Crack Diamond Diamond Par Sealing Grinding Grooving Rep Moderate Moderate Limited Exte Extensive Extensive Moderate Exte Extensive Extensive Limited Exte Moderate Moderate Limited Mod Extensive Extensive Moderate Exte Extensive Extensive Moderate Exte ndents; Moderate = 33% to 66% usage; Limited = <33% usage.

Read the entire page →

From page 11...

... Survey Results from Treatments Used During Different Closure Durations for HMA-Surfaced PavementsRural Urban Overnight or Overnight or Treatment Single Shift Weekend Longer Single Shift Weekend Longer Concrete joint resealing Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Concrete crack sealing Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Diamond grinding Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Diamond grooving Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Partial-depth concrete patching Extensive Moderate Moderate Extensive Moderate Limited Full-depth concrete patching Extensive Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Dowel bar retrofitting Extensive Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Ultra-thin bonded wearing course Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Thin HMA overlay Extensive Limited Limited Extensive Limited Limited Note: Extensive = Use by ≥66% of respondents; Moderate = 33% to 66% usage; Limited = <33% usage. Table 2.10.

Read the entire page →

From page 12...

... Crack filling 2–4 NA Crack sealing 3–8 2–5 Slurry seal 3–5 4–5 Microsurfacing Single course 3–6 3–5 Double course 4–7 4–6 Chip seal Single course 3–7 5–6 Double course 5–10 8–10 Ultra-thin bonded wearing course 7–12 NA Thin HMA overlay Dense graded 5–12 NA Open graded (OGFC) 6–12 NA Gap graded (SMA)

Read the entire page →

From page 13...

... While the cost of cold in-place recycling depends on numerous factors, including depth of milling and the properties of the existing pavement, average costs are approximately $1.25 to $3.00/yd2. The cost of recycling can be four to six times more than the cost of chip seals and can be higher than the cost of constructing a thin HMA overlay.

Read the entire page →

From page 14...

... Estimated Unit Cost Joint resealing $ Crack sealing $ Diamond grinding $$ Diamond grooving $$ Partial-depth patching $$/$$$ Full-depth patching $$/$$$ Dowel bar retrofitting $$$ Ultra-thin bonded $$$ wearing course Thin HMA overlay $$$ Note: $ = low cost; $$ = moderate cost; $$$ = high cost; $$$$ = very high cost. $1.00 to $2.50/ft $0.75 to $2.00/ft $1.75 to $5.50/yd2 $1.25 to $3.00/yd2 $75 to $150/yd2 (patched area)

Read the entire page →

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