Preservation Approaches for High-Traffic-Volume Roadways (2011) / Chapter Skim
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From page 9... ...
. • Transportation Research Board (TRB)
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From page 10... ...
Pavement Preservation Overview One definition of pavement preservation is that it is a planned system of treating pavements at the optimum time to maximize 10 Table 2.1. Common Pavement Preservation Treatments HMA-Surfaced Pavements PCC-Surfaced Pavements Crack fill Crack seal Cape seal Fog seal Scrub seal Slurry seal Rejuvenators Microsurfacing Single course Multiple course Chip seal Single course Multiple course With polymer-modified binder Ultra-thin bonded wearing course Thin HMA overlay (<1.5 in.)
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From page 11... ...
Pavements at this condition level receive minor rehabilitation treatments, such as thin overlays or surface recycling, that restore functional qualities and, to a limited extent, structural integrity. The use of PM treatments and minor rehabilitation techniques along with routine maintenance are good options for a pavement that is still in relatively good condition.
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From page 12... ...
For instance, chip sealing can be used when the pavement has just begun to oxidize, and should not be applied to pavements with distress such as high-severity cracking, raveling, potholes, or rutting. Additionally, for the use of thin HMA overlays, cracking should be of low to moderate severity and ideally should have been crack-sealed 6 to 12 months prior to the thin overlay application.
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From page 13... ...
for Noise Crack filling Crack sealing Cold milling Profile milling Rejuvenation Fog seal Scrub seal Slurry seal Microsurfacing Sand seal Chip seal (minor) Ultra-thin HMAOL Ultra-thin bonded wearing course Thin HMAOL Dense-graded Open-graded (OGFC)
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From page 14... ...
The thin overlays, as expected, were the only treatment to affect long-term rutting. The study concluded that, with respect to roughness, rutting, and cracking on PCC pavements in the SPS-6 study, HMA overlay had the best effect, followed by diamond grinding, full-depth repair, and joint and crack sealing.
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From page 15... ...
International agencies proactive in the use of preservation treatments on high-volume roads include the United Kingdom, South Africa, Spain, France, and Australia. While chip seals have seen the greatest use on low-volume roadways (with a typical ADT less than 1,000 vpd)
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From page 16... ...
. Texas monitored performance of different PM treatments on the SPS-3 sections (crack sealing, chip seals, slurry seals, and thin overlays)
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From page 17... ...
. Iowa DOT has also found best performance from thin HMA overlays compared to chip seals, fog seals, cape seals, slurry seals, and even microsurfacing (Jahren et al.
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From page 18... ...
Note, however, that these are large, diverse countries and that what is reported may not be representative of an entire country's practice. Saudi Arabia reported using sulfur asphalt, crack sealing, slurry seals, microsurfacing, and thin overlays as part of its preservation activities.
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From page 19... ...
Emphasis is placed on crack sealing with polymermodified binder to prevent water intrusion. Another PM technique is a tack coat that is followed by a geotextile and then a chip seal.
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From page 20... ...
North Carolina DOT (5,000 rural) North Carolina DOT (10,000 urban)
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From page 21... ...
Initial Analysis of Most-Used Preservation Treatments for PCC-Surfaced High-Volume Roadways Rural Urban Low Medium High Low Medium High ≥80% DOTs and provinces report using: Joint reseal Diamond grinding Full-depth patching ≥70% DOTs and provinces additionally report using: Crack seal Partial-depth patching Diamond grinding Full-depth patching Dowel bar retrofit Crack seal Partial-depth patching Drainage preservation Joint reseal Crack seal Diamond grinding Full-depth patching At 67%: Partial-depth patching Thin HMA overlay Drainage preservation Joint reseal Crack seal Diamond grinding Partial-depth patching Full-depth patching Dowel bar retrofit Drainage preservation Joint reseal Crack seal Diamond grinding Full-depth patching At 64%: Partial-depth patching Dowel bar retrofit Drainage preservation Joint reseal Diamond grinding Full-depth patching Crack seal At 63%: Partial-depth patching At 50%: Dowel bar retrofit Drainage preservation single- and multiple-course chip seals, cold in-place recycling, and ultra-thin whitetopping. Nor did they report using any "other" specific treatments (Figures 2.2 and 2.3)
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From page 22... ...
• For all agencies reporting "high" traffic volume designations, joint seal, diamond grinding, and full-depth patching are used on PCC pavements by at least 80% of reporting agen
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From this analysis, it was determined that high 23 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Joint Resealing Crack Seal Diamond Grinding Partial-Depth Patching Full-Depth Patching Dowel Bar Retrofit Drainage Preservation Treatment % o f A ge n c ie s Low (<10,000) Medium (10,000–19,999)
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From page 24... ...
Key findings from this analysis are summarized as follows: • As shown in Figures 2.8 and 2.9, crack fill and crack seal are used by at least 75% of reporting agencies. Additionally, on rural roads, drainage preservation and combined cold milling and thin HMA overlay are used by at least 70% and 60% of agencies, respectively (see Figure 2.8)
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From page 25... ...
New Mexico DOT (15,000 urban) North Carolina DOT (5,000 rural)
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From page 26... ...
≥60% SHAs and provinces report using: Crack fill Crack fill Crack seal Crack seal Cold mill and thin HMA overlay Cold mill and thin HMA overlay Drainage preservation Drainage preservation ≥50% additionally report using: Thin HMA overlay 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Treatment % o f A ge n c ie s Cr ac k F ill Cr ac k S ea l Sin gle -C ou rse M icr os urf ac ing Mu ltic ou rse M icr os urf ac ing Sin gle -C ou rs e Ch ip Se al Ch ip Se al wit h P oly me r Th in Bo nd ed W ea rin g C ou rse Th in HM A O ve rla y Co ldMi lled HM A O ve rla y Ult raTh in HM A O ve rla y Ho t In -P lac e R ec ycl ing Co ld InPla ce Re cyc ling Pr ofi le Mi llin g Ult raTh in Wh ite top pin g Dr ain ag e P res erv ati on Figure 2.8. Treatment use on rural HMA-surfaced roadways, based on revised definition of rural high traffic volume (ADT >– 5,000 vpd)
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From page 27... ...
Minnesota and New Hampshire report using chip seals with polymer-modified binders on hightraffic-volume urban roads. The most common and successful treatments used on high-traffic-volume roadways appear to be thin HMA overlays, cold milling and thin HMA overlay, and microsurfacing, with crack seal also being successful on high-traffic rural roadways.
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From page 28... ...
. bonded wearing courses and thin overlays (either HMA or PCC)
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From page 29... ...
Summary of Preservation Treatments Considered Not Applicable for PCC Rural and Urban Roadways Treatments for Portland Cement Not Applicable % Checked Concrete (PCC) Pavements Rural/Urban Thin PCC overlays 62/55 Ultra-thin bonded wearing course 75/73 Thin HMA overlays 62/55 (<1.5 in.
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From page 30... ...
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % o f A ge n ci es U si n g Tr ea tm en t Rural Urban Ra ve lin g Ox ida tio n Ble ed ing Sm oo th/ Rid e Q ua lity Fri cti on No ise Lig ht Su rf D ist res s Mo d S urf Di str es s He av y S urf Di str es s Figure 2.14. Percentage of agencies applying thin HMA overlay on rural and urban high-traffic-volume HMA-surfaced roadways to address pavement distresses.
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From page 31... ...
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % o f A ge n ci es Us in g Tr ea tm en t Rural Urban Ra ve lin g Ox ida tio n Ble ed ing Sm oo th/ Rid e Q ua lity Fri cti on No ise Lig ht Su rf D ist res s Mo d S urf Di str es s He av y S urf Di str es s Figure 2.16. Percentage of agencies using full-depth patching on rural and urban high-traffic-volume PCC roadways to address pavement distresses.
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From page 32... ...
Percentage of agencies diamond grinding rural and urban high-traffic-volume PCC roadways to address pavement distresses.
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