Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D - Promising Practices for Conducting an HMCFS
Appendix D - Promising Practices for Conducting an HMCFS
Pages 93-117
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From page 93... ...
The 11 promising practices are: 1. Use HMCFS Objectives Checklist -- Consists of an initial checklist of objectives that local entities have reported for their HMCFS.
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From page 94... ...
D-2 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies Increase awareness of hazmat transport for local officials, community groups, or general public. Confirm or document existing knowledge about hazmat transport in jurisdiction.
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From page 95... ...
D.2 Let HMCFS Objectives Guide Sampling Some data, such as national-level estimates, should only be used to develop very general ideas about the nature and patterns of what might be travelling through a jurisdiction such as a city or county. Other data provide enough information to understand the local nature and patterns of hazmat transport in a jurisdiction, but not for specific times, locations, or individual hazmat commodities.
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D-4 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies
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From page 97... ...
Sampling Framework Objectives Co nv en ie nc e R ep re se nt at iv e Cl us te r St ra tif ie d/ Pr o po rti on al R an do m Ce ns us Legal Takings and Route Designation < < < = = > Resource Scheduling, Equipment Needs, and Comprehensive Planning < < = = > > Emergency Planning < < = > > > Maximum Scenario Definition < = = > > > Awareness/Minimum Scenario Definition = = > > > > < Information collected using sampling framework is insufficient for objective(s) = Information collected using sampling framework matches objective(s)
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From page 98... ...
A It promotes efficient use of available resources in the conduct of HMCFS. D-6 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies D It has the potential to misallocate resources to areas not requiring attention or distract local entities from most serious hazmat flow issues in the area.
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From page 99... ...
Fundamentally, the zero-tolerance policy fails to recognize human mortality, vulnerability, and that bad things happen. Promising Practices for Conducting an HMCFS D-7 Hazmat Quantity Hazmat Characterization Objectives Ha zm at P re se nc e R el at iv e Qu an tity (e.
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D-8 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies
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From page 101... ...
Promising Practices for Conducting an HMCFS D-9 Protection Level Considered Objectives Complete Maximum Reasonable General Legal Takings and Route Designation < < < = Resource Scheduling, Equipment Needs, and Comprehensive Planning < < = = Emergency Planning < = = = Maximum Scenario Definition < = = > Awareness/Minimum Scenario Definition = > > > < Too conservative -- more decision weight is given to low-likelihood events than is warranted. = Matched -- objectives are matched with protection level and corresponding risk.
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From page 102... ...
Grant mechanisms for the conduct of HMCFS -- such as federal grant funding through the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness (HMEP) Program (via SERCs)
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From page 103... ...
& Supplies Sequenced HMCFS -- Local entities experiencing the funding "squeeze" could consider sequenced efforts that are individually more limited in scope in any given funding year but accomplish the comprehensive HMCFS over a several-year period. This is particularly pertinent for LEPCs with staff limitations, local entities that rely on grant funding, or LEPCs that are conducting more extensive HMCFS efforts (e.g., either with broader, more interrelated jurisdictional coverage or level of detail)
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From page 104... ...
or conducted using other funding sources. However funded, partitioning a complex HMCFS over several years can provide an incremental D-12 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies D Because donations from industry are often voluntary and rely on the generosity and ability of the local industry to contribute, they can vary from year to year and project to project.
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From page 105... ...
Promising Practice 6: Consider Consecutive-Year Studies Problem Limited timeframes often create artificial temporal boundaries for conducting an HMCFS. Local entities apply for grants to conduct the study, receive funding in the early months of the fiscal year, collect data during the late spring/early summer, and report results in the fall, leaving out seasonal traffic variations.
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From page 106... ...
Some LEPCs suffer from passive participation. This lack of participation is often the result of members or potential members -- or the entities that they represent -- not D-14 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies D Data for any given place may be less current as they are not collected every year.
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From page 107... ...
LEPC members may be asked to Provide HazMat transport data; Provide or augment planning support; Provide or augment logistic support; Provide facilities for planning meetings, training, and analysis; Recruit and/or coordinate volunteers; Volunteer for data collection efforts; Provide expertise in consultant roles throughout the process; Provide input to the contractor about the purpose and use of the study; Provide input about historical events or special local situations that may not be readily known; Provide assistance to the contractor in acquiring data (e.g., LEPCs are able to more readily access data from Tier II companies and some transporters such as rail and barge companies) ; Provide input on whether site locations for data collection sites meet the needs of the jurisdiction; Promising Practices for Conducting an HMCFS D-15
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From page 108... ...
Local leaders report "not knowing where to start" in the early phases of an HMCFS. D-16 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies D Commodity flow studies conducted internally may compromise objectivity as local entities and leaders inject concerns.
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From page 109... ...
They include data provided by good corporate neighbors, but efficiently obtaining these data can depend on personal relationships and contacts. Federal sources of data include data on transportation and accidents, hazardous materials, mapping, emergency preparedness, and population exposure.
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Shippers and Receivers Facility A: __________________________ Facility B: __________________________ Etc. D-18 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies
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From page 111... ...
Determining specific areas of concern is done by a hotspots analysis. Possible Hotspot Analyses Planning for emergency response capabilities: This analysis determines the existing coverage of hazmat response equipment and facilities and determines where current and future gaps exist.
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From page 112... ...
Traffic volumes and mixes Truck counts Rail lines, sidings, and yards Truck stops Port or intermodal facilities Traffic accident locations Highway-rail grade crossings • Hazmat/Emergency Response Spill and/or release locations Hazmat incidents Designated hazmat routes Fixed facilities Hazmat commodity flows Fire stations/emerg. response teams Military installations Other emergency response facilities/resources D-20 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies • Human Population locations Schools Parks and recreation locations Hospitals Colleges/universities Employment centers Future growth/development areas Tourist/cultural points of interest Land use/zoning Special needs populations • Business Business locations where hazmat is produced, shipped, and/or received Business parks or clusters Local/regional development locations • Environmental Drinking water sources Habitat: oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, etc.
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From page 113... ...
Regular reviews allow for minor adjustments to an existing analysis compared to entirely reformulating the analysis after conditions have significantly changed. Example -- San Diego Hazardous Material Commodity Flow Study The San Diego Hazardous Material Commodity Flow Study, conducted by the EPA and published in June 2001 (28)
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From page 114... ...
D-22 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, San Diego: Hazardous Material Commodity Flow Study, June 2001, p 44.
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From page 115... ...
Promising Practice 10: Use Risk Communication Checklist Problem Limited communication of HMCFS restricts its utility for the community as a whole and the opportunity for feedback and validation. Promising Practice Locations, people, or offices to consider for the communication of the completed HMCFS are listed by group in the table that follows.
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From page 116... ...
Compared to routine activities, demonstrating the need for new equipment, expanded personnel, or enhanced training is difficult when the likelihood of the needs being realized is perceived to be low by decision makers. Promising Practice Communicating the risks associated with hazmat transportation through an area can help local leaders understand the importance of preemptive actions for risk reduction D-24 Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies Public Administration: County commissioners City manager offices Mayors' offices Council members County judges General Public: Public meetings Local media (newspaper/TV/radio)
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From page 117... ...
A Gaining attention for hazmat issues can help attain equipment and personnel, change hazmat routes, and engage in better community planning to enhance preparedness and decrease the likelihood of serious accidents. Promising Practices for Conducting an HMCFS D-25 D Dramatic overload can result when dealing with technical subjects that involve high risks and low probabilities.
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