Design Guidelines for Increasing the Lateral Resistance of Highway-Bridge Pile Foundations by Improving Weak Soils (2011) / Chapter Skim
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To evaluate the ability of ground improvement to increase lateral pile group resistance, 16 full-scale lateral load tests were performed on pile groups in soft clay after using ground improvement methods that included soil mixing, jet grouting, replacement with compacted sand, replacement with flowable fill, and replacement with rammed aggregate piers. The tests clearly demonstrated that significant increases in the lateral resistance of bridge foundations can be achieved by soil improvement techniques with the potential for cost savings.
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Under lateral loading the soilcrete zone tends to move as a block and develop increased lateral resistance from passive force on the back of the block and adhesion on the sides of the block, rather than increased pile-soil resistance. This lateral resistance can be computed using basic soil mechanics principles for passive force and side shear under undrained conditions with some adjustments to account for limits on depth.
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