A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B - Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets
Appendix B - Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets
Pages 70-152
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From page 70... ...
Contents B-2 Fact Sheet 1: Physical Impacts to Wetlands and Other Surface Waters B-12 Fact Sheet 2: Surface Water and Groundwater Quality B-30 Fact Sheet 3: Storm Water Quantity and Floodplains B-44 Fact Sheet 4: Hazardous Wildlife Attractants B-54 Fact Sheet 5: Aquatic Life and Habitat B-64 Fact Sheet 6: Coastal Zones and Barriers B-73 Fact Sheet 7: Wild and Scenic Rivers B-82 References for Appendix B B-1 A P P E N D I X B Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets
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B-2 Fact Sheet 1 Physical Impacts to Wetlands and Other Surface Waters RELATED WATER RESOURCE ISSUES Water Resource Issue Relationship Storm Water Quantity and Floodplains Surface Water and Groundwater Quality Hazardous Wildlife Attractants Coordinate on the construction of structures within or over surface waters; stream excavation, dredging, or channelizing; and filling within wetland areas. Coordinate on the construction of structures within or over surface waters; stream excavation, dredging, or channelizing; and filling within wetland areas.
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From page 72... ...
Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-3 Water Resource Issue Relationship Coastal Zones and Barriers Aquatic Life and Habitat Coordinate on the construction of structures within or over surface waters; excavation, dredging, or channelizing; and any filling within wetland areas. Coordinate on physical impacts to surface waters that may be associated with loss of habitat for biotic resources.
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From page 73... ...
Those issues are discussed in Fact Sheet 2 Surface Water and Groundwater Quality. As discussed in Section 2 of the Handbook, it is recommended that airport representatives identify and document the core regulatory requirements associated with each water resource issue before planning begins.
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Typically, impacts to these types of surface waters are authorized by state agencies. If the wetland or surface water is under the USACE's jurisdiction, site-specific information must be obtained pertaining to the surface water's characteristics and how unavoidable actions Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-5 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING CORE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Identify Statutory Submittal Deadlines and Review Timeframes Times permits are valid after approval Submittal due dates before construction Identify Submittals and Documents Required to Gain Regulatory Approval Typical Submittal Documents Include: Jurisdictional determination Identify the Regulated Parameters and Compliance Requirements Typically Regulated Parameters Include: Construction of a structure(s)
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B-6 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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The following information includes the documentation needed for individual permit applications: • Completed and signed application form • Project description • Site plan • Length of surface water impacts or acreage of wetland impacts • Types and volumes of materials to be dredged or filled • Method of dredging/filling and disposal methods • Early agency correspondence • Jurisdictional determination documentation and approval • Avoidance or minimization of project impacts • Options to meet mitigation requirements A separate 401 Water Quality Certification may be required prior to NWP or individual permit approvals. Because state requirements for authorization under a 401 Water Quality Certification are varied, consult with your state agency to determine specific requirements pertaining to the approval process.
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From page 77... ...
• Include wetlands and other surface waters as part of an airport-wide Water Resource Inventory, and create a map of those within the airport's boundaries. • As a means of reducing risk and balancing cost, prioritize which water resources should receive site-specific delineations and quality assessments in early planning by considering: – Project sites most likely to be used – Project sites that have the highest quality and extent of wetlands and other surface waters.
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From page 78... ...
• Airport operators will need to coordinate with regulatory agencies regarding a potential need to mitigate within the same watershed as the impact, as well as consider the potential for hazardous wildlife attractants associated with mitigation near the airport. 4.2 Airport Operations Achieving compliance with regulations associated with physical impacts to wetlands and other surface waters is typically less influenced by post-construction airport operations than other water resource categories.
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From page 79... ...
Consultation with the agencies can also help to minimize impacts to surface waters and wetlands. When it comes to avoiding, minimizing, or mitigating for potential impacts, it is important for airport operators to consider all the options available to them, including combinations of B-10 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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Limit impacts if possible to utilize NWPs rather than individual permits where applicable to minimize schedule and reduce preparation costs. Provide alternatives that avoid or minimize impacts to surface waters or wetlands and design projects that do not incorporate unique engineering or construction practices.
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This fact sheet presents guidance on planning for and managing surface water and groundwater quality issues associated with airport development projects. 1.0 Description of Water Resource Issue and Impacts 1.1 Overview of Surface Water Quality Surface water can include streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, harbors, territorial seas, waters of the contiguous zone, and oceans.
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From page 82... ...
Information on related water resource issues can be found in other fact sheets, as indicated below. Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-13 RELATED WATER RESOURCE ISSUES Water Resource Issue Relationship Wild and Scenic Rivers Physical Impacts to Wetlands and Other Surface Waters Storm Water Quantity and Floodplains Coastal Zones and Barriers Wild and Scenic Rivers regulations encompass protection of surface water quality in rivers carrying those designations.
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Regional USEPA offices implement the program in the remaining states. 2.1.2.3 Section 403 -- Ocean Discharge Criteria • Regulates discharges to territorial sea, waters of the contiguous zone, and oceans and includes protection of human health and welfare as well as marine life B-14 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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For example, airports with development projects that disturb 10 or more acres are subject to numeric discharge limits under the Construction and Development Category. 2.2 Summary of Groundwater Quality Core Regulatory Requirements Federal regulation of groundwater quality primarily originated with the CWA.
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was established as part of compliance with the 1996 Amendments to the CWA, and called for regulations for disinfection of groundwater drinking B-16 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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, which may include some or all of the following components: • Groundwater use classification • Localized water quality criteria to supplement federal criteria Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-17 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING SURFACE WATER QUALITY CORE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Identify Statutory Submittal Deadlines and Review Timeframes Times permits are valid after approval Submittal due dates before construction Identify Submittals and Documents Required to Gain Reulatory Approval Typical Submittal Documents Include: Individual or general NPDES permits Antidegradation reports Identify the Regulated Parameters and Compliance Requirements Typically Regulated Parameters Include: Narrative standards Water qualitybased numeric standards Identify the Authorities Overseeing Surface Water Quality State agencies Identify the Applicable Regulatory Documents for Surface Water Quality CWA, 40 CFR 122 SDWA Critical Items to Identify Include: Maximum times for regulatory review Public comment periods Effective periods for NPDES Permits from local entities Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans Permits to install pollution control Technologybased numeric standards Toxicity criteria Biological criteria Typical Authorities Include: USEPA FAA Typical Documents Include: OPA State regulations NPDES permits permits systems Effluent limits
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Loca ble Regulatory Documents for Groundwater Qualit Typical Documents Include: TSCA CERCLA SARA FIFRA imes for review al ndwater ent records nd use and evelopment areas l agencies y CSGWPP • Land use management • Funding for implementation of program and cleanup efforts • Requirements for discharge permits and underground injection In addition to the components above, states may be responsible for implementing regulations for USTs and pesticides. As discussed in Section 2 of the Handbook, it is recommended that airport representatives identify and document the core regulatory requirements associated with each water resource issue before planning begins.
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From page 88... ...
• Use experts with a detailed understanding of surface water and groundwater quality regulations, as well as experience in coordinating with the applicable regulators, to identify or review the core regulatory requirements. • Many state agencies, as well as USEPA, have information available online summarizing regulations and their applicability.
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From page 89... ...
Particular attention should be paid to USDWs and source water protection areas, drinking water supply well locations, sole or principle source aquifers and CAPAs, and delineated recharge areas. Examples of typical information sources needed to identify this information includes: • CSGWPP or other local and state groundwater requirements, including groundwater provisions in surface water quality statutes • Project features and land uses that may be regulated and potential threats to groundwater quality • USDWs and protected groundwater features, including wellhead protection areas and sole source aquifers • Site studies and surveys • Regulatory agency documentation and mapping of protected groundwater resources and restricted development areas B-20 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning Recommended Steps for Characterizing Project Effects on Surface Water Quality Collect and analyze the characterization data for inclusion in NPDES permit applications For new developments or existing developments with new activities, estimate the future pollutant discharges and flow rates Collect additional pollutant concentration and flow data as needed to characterize discharges Review existing data characterizing the pollutant concentrations and flow rates at the discharge Determine the outfall locations for the discharges Identify the pollutants associated with the areas of industrial activity Identify areas on the airport with current and planned regulated industrial activity locations The collected data characterizing storm water discharges is submitted in applications for NPDES permits.
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From page 90... ...
• Solid and hazardous waste collection and disposal • Project location, footprint, and depth • Soil and drainage characteristics, including general infiltration characteristics, and flow patterns and destinations associated with proposed industrial activity locations • Underground injection or shallow disposal wells, including infiltration BMPs for storm water runoff, well casings located near proposed operational areas, or other potential avenues for groundwater contamination due to surface runoff • Runoff controls, collection and treatment systems, pollution prevention BMPs and protocols, leak detection systems, personnel training, and spill response plans • Areas using pervious pavement Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-21 Recommended Steps for Characterizing Project Effects on Groundwater Quality Collect Determi Submit required information t Characterize groundwater (e. Determine if groundwater is lo for contaminants from pr Review state and local require groundwater Acqu and analyze additional information ne need for additional data collection o local or state agencies for review (e.g., plans, cal g., source, type, composition, use protection)
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From page 91... ...
Those measures typically could include: • Reductions in material use • Best management practices to control pollutants near the point of contact with the storm water • Changes to material use areas • Low impact development and other local controls to promote "natural" pollutant degradation or reduction • Discharge of portions of the pollutant-impacted storm water to sanitary sewers • Collection and recycling of materials contributing to pollution prior to discharge • Collection and on-site treatment of pollutant-impacted storm water B-22 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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Modifications may be required to change the project location to avoid impacts to a groundwater resource, or to revise or eliminate particular project activities or migration pathways with the potential to endanger groundwater quality. 3.4 Prepare and Submit Compliance Documents 3.4.1 Surface Water Quality Management of surface water quality issues for new or re-development projects involves a series of regulatory documents, some of which are listed below.
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B-24 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning TIPS FOR .
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• Anticipate the need to consider the location and extent of project features and proposed airport operations in relation to the location and extent of groundwater resources. It may be necessary to compare these relative locations to any regulatory separation criteria.
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The operational impacts need to be considered early in the development project implementation process, especially for operations associated with deicing and fueling. Planning B-26 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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4.3.2 Groundwater Quality The primary schedule components associated with groundwater quality issues include: • Identification of potentially applicable regulations at local, state, and federal levels • Identification of groundwater resources, including restrictions such as protection areas and separation criteria • Regulatory coordination • Identification of controls, modifications, and mitigation measures • Permitting and approvals • NEPA process Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-27
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B-28 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning GUIDANCE FOR .
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From page 98... ...
Review changes to the quality and quantity of infiltrating storm water when managing storm water quantity and surface water quality issues. Verify that compliance requirements associated with surface water quality for one development project do not inadvertently trigger additional compliance requirements for other areas.
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1.0 Description of Water Resource Issue and Impacts The quantities of storm water discharged from an airport into local receiving waters and the degree that those receiving waters extend into floodplains during high flow conditions can be a significant issue for airports during implementation of development projects. Storm water quantity, as used in this fact sheet, is a term that describes the effects of parameters such as flow rate, flow velocity, flow volume, and the relative timing of storm water discharges from various drainage areas on downstream water resources.
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From page 100... ...
Some potential floodplain controls, such as using fill to raise an elevation, may have detrimental affects to surface waters, and therefore require additional mitigation. • Stream scouring and erosion • Damage to biotic habitats and stream hydro-morphology • Sedimentation in receiving waters • Damage to storm water conveyance, storage, and water quality structures Compliance with regulations related to storm water quantity and floodplains can directly affect the process of implementing development projects in several ways, including: • Restrictions on construction within the 100-year floodplain • Changestothedevelopmentprojectcharacteristics tominimizechanges in storm water quantities • New infrastructure needed to comply with regulations restricting peak flow rates, flow volumes, and flow velocities In turn, many of the most common airport development projects can affect storm water quantity and floodplains by changing the characteristics of airport surfaces and water conveyance infrastructure.
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The key elements of the regulatory framework include developments within a floodplain, increases to flood elevations, and changes to runoff inside the floodplain. B-32 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning Water Resource Issue Fact Sheet Relationship Coastal Zones and Barriers Modifications to floodplains may impact coastal resources; therefore, mitigation controls may need to consider coastal management as well as floodplain regulations.
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has issued guidance to comply with the Order. Together, these Orders and guidance provide the criteria for floodplain management needed to achieve the following objectives: • Preserve and restore natural and beneficial values from floodplains • Reduce risks to human safety • Ban activities in floodplains unless there is no practicable alternative • Mitigate for floodplain impacts Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-33 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING STORM WATER QUANTITY CORE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Identify Statutor C Times permits are valid after approval Submit before Identify Submittals and Typ Storm water management plans Approved constructio document Identify the Regu Typic Peak flow rates Storm w Identify the Authorit Local municipality Regional drainage con district Identify the Applica Municipal codes y Submittal Deadlines and Review Timeframes ritical Items to Identify Include: tal due dates construction Maximum times for regulatory review Public c per Documents Required to Gain Regulatory Approval ical Submittal Documents Include: n s Construction permits Storm water design calculations Ind gene lated Parameters and Compliance Requirements ally Regulated Parameters Include: ater volume Discharge velocities Controls ies Overseeing Storm Water Quantity Management Typical Authorities Include: trol State agencies USEPA ble Storm Water Quantity Regulatory Documents Typical Documents Include: Local storm water or drainage manuals Federal efflue guidelines on co and develop omment iods ividual or ral permits or BMPs FAA nt limit nstruction ment
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For the most part, the regulations governing the quantities of storm water that are discharged and floodplains will be consistent from project-to-project at a given airport. To facilitate effective planning and minimize rework, it is recommended that airport representatives research and identify the core regulatory requirements for storm water quantity and floodplains.
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From page 104... ...
• Coordinate with regulators in assessing whether storm water quantity and floodplain regulatory conditions written for general development projects are applicable or suitable to airport development and redevelopment projects. For example, regulatory requirements for detention may create a wildlife hazard attractant, which may conflict with airport safety requirements and policies.
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B-36 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning Recommended Steps for Characterizing Project Effects on Storm Water Quantity and Floodplains Perform calculations or m Perform calculations or Collect Perform a data reliability a Acquire Determine the level of deta Determine the inform Determine the calculation an water Identi odeling to quantify post-development conditio floodplain impacts modeling to quantify pre-development conditi and analyze additional information nd gap analysis to determine need for addition collection existing sources of the information il required to support the project needs and reg requirements ation needed to support the calculations or mod d modeling methodologies needed to character discharges or floodplain impacts fy floodplains near the project site ns and ons al data ulatory el ize storm 3.2 Compare Project Effects to Regulatory Conditions Demonstrating compliance with many storm water quantity and floodplains regulations for new development or re-development projects requires a comparison of pre-development and post-development conditions. Post-development values for parameters such as end-of-pipe peak
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From page 106... ...
Calculations and models associated with floodplains often require a regional approach, since floodplain impacts can affect areas far beyond the limits of an airport. 3.3 Identify Required Controls and Modifications to Development Project If planned development would result in an increase in storm water quantity or changes in floodplain boundaries that would exceed regulatory control criteria, it may be necessary to modify post-development storm water discharge characteristics as described below: • Modify the drainage characteristics or drainage features associated with the development project; or • Incorporate end-of-pipe structural controls such as detention basins Development project features that may be affected by storm water quantity and floodplain compliance include: • The amount, location, and characteristics of impervious surfaces • Changes in the topography to accommodate drainage pathways or drainage infrastructure • Low impact features that minimize the volumes of runoff Storm water and floodplain controls may include structures to route, detain, or otherwise manage the flow rates, velocities, and volumes of discharges.
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B-38 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning TIPS FOR .
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Considering the frequent limitations in available space and hazardous wildlife concerns, the designation of potential storm water storage and management areas in the airport master plan could help minimize impacts to individual development projects. Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-39 • Consider that failure to use required methods and models can result in project delays and additional project costs.
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In most cases, the process for acquiring permits and approvals will overlap to some degree with the implementation of compliance measures and the overall development project impleB-40 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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Additional costs associated with identifying storm water quantity and floodplain impacts include: • Site surveying • Modeling • Maintenance of controls • Community outreach • Property acquisition • Facility flood proofing It may be advisable to assess the storm water quantity and floodplain management costs as part of the overall development project costs because of the direct connections of the respective infrastructure. Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-41
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From page 111... ...
Consider the need for modifications to controls to minimize attraction of hazardous wildlife. Identify storm water controls that may help to reduce floodplain impacts and coordinate with development project construction.
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Coordinate with local agencies, nearby property owners, regulators to assist with identifying core regulatory requirements, interests, and data on local flooding issues. Coordination early in Detailed Planning Phase can help avoid multiple iterations of design.
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This fact sheet presents guidance on planning for and managing the issues. 1.0 Description of Water Resource Issue and Impacts As considered in the Handbook and in this fact sheet, the hazardous wildlife attractant water resource issue is related to the effects that development projects can have on water resources that, in turn, impact airport operations and safety.
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Elimination of or mitigation for potential hazardous wildlife attractants could also result in impacts to threatened and endangered species. 2.0 Identification of Core Regulatory Requirements Regulations have been developed at various governmental levels to address the potential effects of hazardous wildlife attractants and airport development projects to protect aircraft and passenger safety.
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. Hazardous wildlife attractant management criteria provided in AC 150/5200-33B with the potential to affect airport development projects include the following: • General separation criteria for hazardous wildlife attractants on or near airports • Discouraged land-use practices on or near airports that potentially attract hazardous wildlife • Management techniques, design criteria, and deterrents for hazards that must be located within separation criteria • Procedures for wildlife hazard management by operators of public-use airports, including performance of WHAs and WHMPs in accordance with FAR 14 CFR Part 139.337.
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Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-47 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING CORE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Identify Statutory C Submittal due dates before construction Identify Submittals and Typ Airport Wildlife Hazard Manag Identify the Regul Typically Regulated Parameters Include: Minimum separation distances Vegetation Identify the Authorities O FAA Identify the Applicable Re FAA Advisory Circular 150/ 5200-33B 14 CF Submittal Deadlines and Review Timeframes ritical Items to Identify Include: Maximum times for regulatory review NEPA process ti Documents Required to Gain Regulatory Approva ical Submittal Documents Include: ement Plan Wildlife Hazard Assessme ated Parameters and Compliance Requirements Basin drawdown time and design criteria Changes in landuse practices management techniques verseeing Hazardous Wildlife Attractant Managem Typical Authorities Include: USDA Wildlife Services gulatory Documents for Hazardous Wildlife Attract Typical Documents Include: R 139.337 Manual: Wildlife Hazard Management at Airports Multi-Agency Memorandum of Agreement meframe l nt Wildlife ent ants
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• Consultation with regulators B-48 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning TIPS FOR .
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This produces a conflict between minimizing the attractants and complying with other water resource requirements. USDA Wildlife Services and FAA should be consulted to review potential wildlife hazards (related to FAA hazardous wildlife guidelines and design criteria)
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• Consider potential hazardous wildlife hazards that are created as a result of needing to comply with other water resource issues on development projects (e.g., detention basin to meet storm water quantity criteria)
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Potential operational impacts associated with the integration of the development project planning with hazardous wildlife attractant compliance planning are provided below. • The need to move or modify a development project can result in the desired operational levels not being reached.
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Elimination of the water surface can be achieved for storm water detention facilities through the use of underground piping or underground storage structures, although these structural controls may be more costly than an open basin approach. B-52 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning GUIDANCE FOR .
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Locate projects in areas where there are no issues associated with hazardous wildlife attractants Identify potential hazards and mitigation approaches in the Conceptual Planning Phase, and incorporate management techniques and wildlife deterrents into design features to the extent possible Involve airport and airline experts in wildlife hazard management and aircraft safety, and local Wildlife Service representatives, in Conceptual Planning and Detailed Planning Phase discussions Communicate wildlife hazard attractant concerns to other entities that may be considering storm water or flooding controls in vicinity of airport. To the extent possible, facilitate coordination between agencies regulating storm water quantity and agencies regulating wildlife hazard attractants in the Conceptual Planning and Detailed Planning Phases.
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From page 123... ...
and state-protected species and habitat. This fact sheet presents guidance on planning for and managing the issues associated with the impacts to aquatic life and habitat, and the associated documentation, consultation, and mitigation requirements for airport development projects.
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2.0 Identifcation of Core Regulatory Requirements Regulations have been developed at various governmental levels to address the potential effects of development projects on aquatic life and habitat. Section 2 of this fact sheet provides the following: • A summary of principal aquatic life and habitat regulations typically applicable to airports • A methodology for identifying the core regulatory requirements generally applicable to each airport locale 2.1 Summary of Core Regulatory Requirements The regulatory requirements for protection of aquatic species and habitat may focus on specific species or they may be more broadly associated with particular types of species or habitats (e.g., marine, freshwater)
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"Endangered" means a species is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. "ThreatPROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING CORE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Identify Statutor Times species and habitat assessments are valid after issuance Identify Submittals an Typ Section 7 consultation letter Biologic Identify the Regul Typic Federally-listed threatened and endangered species State-listed threa endan Identify the Authoritie USFWS N Identify the Applicable ESA F y Submittal Deadlines and Review Timeframes Critical Items to Identify Include: Deadlines for start and completion of mitigation measures Maximum tim regulatory re d Documents Required to Gain Regulatory Approva ical Submittal Documents Include: al assessment Results of field surveys NEPA doc ated Parameters and Compliance Requirements ally Regulated Parameters Include: tened and gered species State-listed rare or unique species Critica s Overseeing Aquatic Life and Habitat Managemen Typical Authorities Include: MFS FAA State a Regulatory Documents for Aquatic Life and Habita Typical Documents Include: WCA MSFCMA State aregu es for view l umentation l habitat t gencies t nd local lations
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From page 126... ...
Mitigation must be conducted in consultation with the regulating agency. As discussed in Section 2 of the Handbook, it is recommended that airport representatives identify and document the core regulatory requirements associated with each water resource issue before planning begins.
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Species and habitats can also be affected through secondary effects associated with ongoing operations, such as changes in water quality. In some cases, secondary effects may occur off airport property and downstream of the actual development project.
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Typically impacts to aquatic life and habitat are regional or state-specific, and regulatory agencies ultimately have the authority to determine if an impact exists based on the presented evidence. 3.3 Identify Required Controls and Modifications to Development Project If development projects result in potential impacts to aquatic life and habitat, several measures can be taken to eliminate or minimize the impacts to a degree acceptable to the regulatory authorities.
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Whenever waters are modified by a department or agency, adequate provisions must be made for the conservation, maintenance, and management of the resources and habitat. B-60 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning TIPS FOR .
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• Include the results of biological assessments submitted to USFWS or NMFS in NEPA documentation. 4.0 Reduction of Water Resource Issue Effects on Development Projects Section 4 of this fact sheet identifies the ways in which aquatic life and habitat planning and management can affect development project and project planning.
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B-62 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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Consider the possibility that controls and mitigation for other water resource issues (e.g., detention basins) could lead to impacts to existing species or habitat.
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New development projects also have the potential alter water quality and quantity. Non-point source industrial runoff and point source storm water discharges may contribute to degradation of water quality along the coast.
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, regulated under 15 CFR 923 and 930, as amended by the Coastal Zone Management Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (23 CFR 650.211) and the Coastal Zone Protection RELATED FACT SHEETS Water Resource Issue Fact Sheet Relationship Physical Impacts to Wetlands and Other Surface Waters Aquatic Life and Habitat Hazardous Wildlife Attractants Surface Water and Groundwater Quality Storm Water Quality and Floodplains Coordinate potential impacts to coastal resources with surface waters and wetlands regulations.
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Airport representatives should also consult with their state regulatory agencies to confirm whether any state or local permits or approvals may be required. B-66 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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and Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 404 permitting programs (refer to the Surface Water and Groundwater Quality Fact Sheet and Physical Impacts to Wetlands and Other Surface Waters Fact Sheet)
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Approvals for activities in coastal wetlands and surface waters may be part of the regulatory processes described in the Physical Impacts to Wetlands and Other Surface Waters Fact Sheet. Non-exempt activities may include structures, discharge or disposal of materials, grading or dredging, mining or extraction, changes to land use or water use, changes to coastal access, and removal of vegetation outside of approved uses (20)
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From page 138... ...
3.3 Identify Required Controls and Modifications to Development Project Airports will need to evaluate controls required to minimize impacts to coastal resources, including those required to comply with regulations described in other fact sheets (Surface Water and Groundwater Quality, Storm Water Quantity and Floodplains, and Physical Impacts to Wetlands and Other Surface Waters)
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From page 139... ...
. Determining the Measures Needed to Achieve Compliance • Include coastal zones and barriers in an airport-wide Water Resource Inventory, including those in the vicinity of the airport or development project and those receiving surface water discharges from the airport.
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4.2 Airport Operations Achieving compliance with coastal zone and barrier regulations may result in changes to postconstruction airport operations. Methods reducing operational impacts associated with the integration of the development project planning with coastal zone and barrier compliance planning are provided below: • The need to move or modify a development project can result in the desired operational levels not being reached.
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From page 141... ...
The airport's policies and position on coastal zones and those of the FAA should be clearly presented to the regulatory authority governing the mitigation decision. 4.3 Schedule and Sequencing The primary schedule components associated with coastal zones and barriers include: • Identification and review of state and local requirements for coastal zone management programs • Evaluation of project development actions for consistency with coastal zone management programs • Review of development actions with respect to CBRS data to evaluate compliance with CBRA • Regulatory coordination and consultation • Identification of controls and modifications to minimize or mitigate for potential coastal resource impacts • Permitting and approvals • NEPA process 4.4 Project Costs Major costs associated with compliance with coastal zone and barrier regulations generally include the development of project modifications or controls necessary to be compliant with the CZMA and CBRA, permitting and regulatory coordination, and the NEPA process.
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From page 142... ...
A fourth category, Study Rivers, include rivers or river segments being considered for potential addition to the Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Airport development projects that would affect the free-flowing characteristics of a Wild and Scenic River, the Outstandingly Remarkable Values (ORVs)
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From page 143... ...
Coordinate mitigation for removal of brush and trees for height restriction requirements. 2.0 Identification of Core Regulatory Requirements Regulations have been developed at various governmental levels to address the impacts to Wild and Scenic Rivers from development projects on their natural, cultural, and recreational values.
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From page 144... ...
As discussed in Section 2 of the Handbook, it is recommended that airport representatives identify and document the core regulatory requirements associated with each water resource issue PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING CORE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Identify Statutory Cri Section 7 Consent due date Identify Submittals and Typic Informa Identify the Regula Typica Rerouting river or corridor impacts Remova res Identify the Authoritie T Interagency Wild and Scenic R (USFWS and National Park Se Identify the Applicable T Wild and Scenic Rivers (36 C Submittal Deadlines and Review Timeframes tical Items to Identify Include: Maximum times for regulatory review Agency review p Documents Required to Gain Regulatory Approval al Submittal Documents Include: tion required for Section 7 Consent ted Parameters and Compliance Requirements lly Regulated Parameters Include: l/relocation ources Alteration to value or scenic quality Changes quality s Overseeing Wild and Scenic River Managemen ypical Authorities Include: ivers Council, which includes: Department of the Interior rvice) and Department of Agriculture (US Forest Regulatory Documents for Wild and Scenic River ypical Documents Include: FR 297)
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and provide the agency with environmental reports and documentation regarding the potential project. • Coordinate with regulators in assessing whether Wild and Scenic River regulations are applicable or suitable to airport development projects.
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must be compared to the existing conditions to identify potential impacts. This may require performing site assessments, or calculations for storm water quantity, water quality, physical impacts, or noise.
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3.4 Prepare and Submit Compliance Documents Federal agencies that fund, license, or authorize work affecting Wild and Scenic Rivers must provide notice and obtain Section 7 Consent. Project information must be submitted to the Secretary of Agriculture or Secretary of Interior no later than 60 days prior to the proposed action, which includes: • Name and location of the affected river • Location of the project • Nature of the permit or other authorization proposed for issuance • Description of the proposed activity • Any relevant information, such as plans, maps, and environmental studies, assessments, or environmental impact statements B-78 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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From page 148... ...
• Identify site selection for future development projects that are outside of Wild and Scenic River corridors, or avoid discharges to Wild and Scenic Rivers. • The choice of calculation methods and models will depend upon parameters needed to facilitate the project design, project complexity, schedule, cost, and the degree of accuracy required.
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B-80 A Handbook for Addressing Water Resource Issues Affecting Airport Development Planning
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The following items may result in significant incurred cost by minimizing adverse effects to Wild and Scenic Rivers: • Additional erosion and sediment controls to mitigate project impacts during construction • Water quality or water quantity controls • Restrictions on airport operations (deicing, fueling, maintenance areas) • Changes to project scope or layout • Cost of coordination with the managing agency for the river • Cost of preparing documentation for NEPA
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From page 151... ...
7. FAA Advisory Circular 150/5200-33B -- Hazardous Wildlife Attractants On or Near Airports.
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From page 152... ...
Accessed 2010. Water Resource Issue Fact Sheets B-83
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Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.