Freight Facility Location Selection: A Guide for Public Officials (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Freight Facility Location Selection: A Guide for Public Officials 1 Chapter 1: Introduction and Background Inmanywaysfreightmovementmaybeconsideredthelifebloodof oureconomy.Over60milliontonsoffreightmovethroughtheU.S. freighttransportationsystemdaily,representingroughly$40billion ingoods.Efficientmovementoffreight(i.e.,modeselection,routing, and intermodal transfer) is necessary tomake thebestuseofour transportationfacilities,protecttheenvironment,andreduceenergy requirements,whilekeepingupwiththeever-increasingdemandfor goods. Thefreightenvironmentcontinuestobeachanginglandscape.Trade isincreasinglyglobal,andmanufacturingcontinuestomoveoffshore. Fuelpricescontinuetofluctuate.Governmentsatalllevelsseeknew waysofreducingcarbonemissions,congestion,andpollution.These, andotherfactors,placeincreasedimportanceonhowwemoveraw materialsandfinishedgoods fromplace toplace . . . fromorigin toultimatedestination.Greateremphasisonreliabilityandsupply chainmanagement increases the importanceofefficient localand regional freight movement whether ultimate shipping destinations areacrosstownoracrosstheworld. Thechoicesmadeaboutwheretheseactivities takeplaceandthe choices made by the carriers who serve these places, drive how transportationinfrastructureisused.Thelocationoffreightfacilities canhavebothpositiveandnegativeeconomicandsocialeffectson localcommunities,regions,andstates.Maximizingthebenefitswhile minimizing the impacts are sensible goals for any public decision making.
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Freight Facility Location Selection: A Guide for Public Officials2 Economic development, planning, and other government entities and elected officials at the local, regional, and state level recognize that trade and freight activity result in employment and investment opportunities and so have increasingly sought new strategies for attracting freight-related activities to their communities. This guide for public officials has been prepared in concert with NCFRPProject23:"EconomicandTransportationDrivers forSiting FreightIntermodalandWarehouseDistributionFacilities,"published asNCFRP Web-Only Document 1(http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/ 165743.aspx)
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Freight Facility Location Selection: A Guide for Public Officials 3 Who should use this guide? Thisguidehasbeenpreparedforusebypublicofficialsatalllevels. Economicdevelopment,planning,andothergovernmententitiesand elected officials at the local, regional, and state level recognize thattradeandfreightactivityresultinemploymentandinvestment opportunities and so have increasingly sought new strategies for attracting freight-related activities to their communities. How transportationand freight facility requirements interactwith other economicfactorstoinfluencelocationdecisionsmadebytheprivate sectoristypicallysomewhatlessunderstoodbythepublicsector.
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Chapter 1: Introduction and Background providesbriefbackground astothepurposeanduseofthisguide,aswellasanoverviewoftypes offreightfacilitiesandtheirroleinfreightdistribution. Chapter 2: Evaluating Freight Facility Impacts and Benefits provides anoverviewofsomeofthekeyfactorsthatgointodecisionmakingin termsofcostsandbenefitstostates,regions,orlocalities.
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."However,itisimportanttonotetolocalofficialsthat,ina largersense,theterm"freightfacilities"canapplytoamuchlarger universeofusesandcouldbemorelooselydefinedas"facilitiesthat attractandproducetripsoffreight-carryingvehicles"or"facilities thatneedmaterialsandshipmaterials." Sinceeachofthesetypesoffreightfacilitieshasadifferentpurpose and different location needs, it is worthwhile to understand the functionshousedineach,aswellastherolethatthefacilityperforms. Thefollowingtablesprovideasummaryoffreightfacilitytypesand theirrolesinthesupplychain. What do we mean by freight facilities?
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Facility Types and Their Functions
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1e. HuB TERmInALS A hub terminal is a carrier-operated facility whose principal function is the intramodal re-sorting and re-consolidation of inbound into outbound load sets for continuation in intercity linehaul.
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sorting and consolidation of load sets between intercity linehaul and local pickup and delivery, as well as the management of pickup and delivery services to customers. • Cityterminalsareendpointshandlingdistributionwithinametropolitanareaandbetweenthatarea anditshub.Acreageandvehiclevolumesformostfacilitiesaremoderatebutcorrespondtomarket size.
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InTEGRATED LOGISTICS CEnTER (ILC) OR "FREIGHT VILLAGE" A relatively new freight facility type, Integrated Logistics Centers are industrial parks or mixed use developments specifically constructed around high performance freight servicing facilities.
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Successfuldevelopmentofaneworexpandedfreightfacility dependsonhavingagoodproject,onethatmeetsthesiteselection needsoftheprivatesectorandisconsistentwiththegoalsofthepublic sector.Successalsodependsonhavingagoodprocess,oneinwhich the groundwork for success is in place and contingencies have at least been discussedandplannedfor.Asuccessful outcome isalsoone inwhich therehas beenbroadcollaborationsothatgoals have been identified and consensus established.Agoodprojectandagood processtogetherareessentialifsuccess is to be achieved. The best project can fail becauseof opposition or lack of community support,and themost collaborativeenvironmentwillnotyield success if the project does notmeet a privatesectordemand. Keys to freight facility development success
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