The National Academies Press

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Pages 14-28

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From page 14... ... Buyers in the carbon market often want assurances that the offset credit they are buying is of a certain quality or type. Offset standards bodies serve an important role in the offset market by developing, verifying, and quantifying GHG emission reductions from various activities. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... Examples of airports diverting organic waste from landfills to composting facilities have included Los Angeles, Oakland, Portland, and Seattle International Airports. Forestry Restore vegetation, avoid conversion of vegetation to commercial development, or add vegetation to airport property. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... The following are sources of methane emissions that are recognized by U.S. offset standards bodies to generate offset credits. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... • Although no offset forestry projects at airports in the United States have been developed to date, the Montreal-Mirabel International Airport in Mirabel, Canada, is participating in a forestry project. • Airport participation in forestry projects is limited due to the safety concerns associated with attracting wildlife to or near airports. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... Reforestation offset credits are generated from projects that restore forests on land that was once forested. The developer specializes in reforestation by planting trees on land owned by its partners, which in this case is ADM. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... In order for the credits to be certified by CarbonFix, a leading carbon standards body for reforestation projects which is certifying the credits, ADM and the developer must state that neither the trees nor the project land is intended to be developed in the foreseeable future. However, in the event that ADM must remove some of the trees or a percentage of the trees die prematurely, surplus offset credits built into CarbonFix's portfolio of projects -- required by the ISO 14064-2 -- will cover any reduction at the Mirabel site. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... projects generally involve managing forests in such a way as to either maintain or increase the forest land's carbon stock. Eligible forest management activities often include removing diseased trees, managing competing brush and short-lived forest species, or increasing the stocking of trees on understocked areas. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... However, there have been some examples of offset projects for energy efficiency in developed nations. In the United States there is currently a limited market for energy efficiency offset credits. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... To implement carbon reduction initiatives, the DoA has capitalized on funding available from Austin Energy, the local utility provider. While the DoA has undertaken a number of projects that reduce carbon emissions over the past ten years -- specifically energy efficiency improvements and the installation of solar panels to reduce electricity demand -- they have not yet pursued revenue opportunities associated with selling energy and environmental commodities such as voluntary carbon offset credits, solar renewable energy credits (RECs) Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... Energy Efficiency Credits -- The market for energy efficiency credits, or "white tags," is still immature in the United States and no market currently exists in Texas. The value associated with implementing energy efficiency projects is primarily limited to costs savings by reduced energy expenditures. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... The specific project-type rules are often called "offset protocols." Buyers in the voluntary market generally prefer to purchase an offset credit from one of these recognized and credible bodies to ensure the validity of the offset credit. Some offset projects, certified under one of the leading standards bodies, may provide project owners a fast track to being certified under a future regulatory program. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Once the project has been validated and verified, the project developer will receive a report and statement which will be submitted to the standards body. If the project is approved, the standards body will officially register the project and then issue the offset credits, assigning title assurance and a unique serial number identifier to ensure that each metric tonne is validated and traceable to its source. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... ………………………………………………………………..$500 Project Submittal Fee (per project) …………………………………………………………………$500 Climate Reserve Tonne Issuance Fee (per offset credit issued) Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... . The Port of Portland participates in The Registry and emissions from Portland International Airport, along with their other facilities and business activities, are reported and independently verified on an annual basis. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 The Carbon Market: A Primer for Airports Carbon Accredited Airports Paris-Charles de Gaulle tropriAadnalrA-mlohkcotStropriAnilbuDtropriA Paris-Orly Airport Cork Airport Stockholm-Bromma Airport Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Shannon Airport Umeå City Airport Athens International Airport Dubrovnik Airport Göteborg Landvetter Airport Oslo Airport Frankfurt Airport TAG Farnborough Airport Trondheim Airport, Værnes Antalya Airport Istanbul Atatürk International Airport Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik Manchester Airport Ankara Esenboğa International Airport London-Heathrow Airport Prague Airport Izmir Adnan Menderes International Airport Bologna Airport Milan-Malpensa Airport Zürich Airport Brussels Airport Milan-Linate Airport Source: Airport Carbon Accreditation. Airport Carbon Accreditation. Read the entire page →

From page 14...

... Buyers in the carbon market often want assurances that the offset credit they are buying is of a certain quality or type. Offset standards bodies serve an important role in the offset market by developing, verifying, and quantifying GHG emission reductions from various activities.