The National Academies Press

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From page 8... ... Current efforts to certify the use of alternative jet fuels are based on the principles that they meet or exceed the same safety criteria as conventional jet fuel and that they are 100% compatible with the existing jet fuel infrastructure. Who is responsible for setting the standards to certify conventional and alternative jet fuels? Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... The two primary sources of feedstock for alternative fuels are fossil fuels and bio-derived feedstocks. Fossil fuel feedstocks include coal and natural gas. Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... Announced as of August 31, 2011 Table 1. Alternative jet fuel flight demonstrations in commercial aircraft. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... footprint of alternative jet fuels from fossil fuel feedstocks can be two to three times that of conventional jet fuel (see Box 1 and Section 2.4 for more details on life-cycle GHG analysis) Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... , frying oils, and greases may also be used to produce alternative jet fuel. Nonfood oils are promising potential feedstocks with attractive characteristics. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... Switchgrass, Miscanthus, energy cane, wheatgrass, and bluestem are potential energy crops. Agricultural residues such as corn stover and wheat straw are other promising sources of biomass feedstock for alternative jet fuel production. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... There are many challenges associated with the use of dedicated energy crops and agriculture crop residues as alternative fuel feedstock. No established markets exist, and contracting and supply chain considerations would have to be resolved before producers would be willing to supply either a dedicated energy crop or agricultural residues. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... FT can be used to turn coal, natural gas, or biomass into liquid fuels, including alternative jet fuel and diesel. Hydroprocessing uses a process similar to conventional What Are the Main Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuels? Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... Animal fats (tallow) , frying oil, greases Steady but finite supply Well developed Medium to low Well developed Well developed Potential for lower GHG carbon footprint than conventional fuels. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... Main considerations of the FT and HEFA processes. What Are the Main Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuels? Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... At the same time, alternative jet fuel production will face competition from other alternative fuels (e.g., biodiesel) for the same nonfood feedstocks and other inputs (e.g., labor, land, water, industrial supply chains) Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... Water use is a topic that frequently comes up during the discussion of alternative jet fuels. Depending on the specific way in which feedstocks are recovered and processed, water consumption for the production of alternative jet fuels may be comparable to or larger than the water amounts required for conventional jet fuel production (Stratton, Wong, and Hileman 2010) Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... Compared with petroleum-based jet fuel, alternative jet fuels may have a lower GHG footprint when the entire life cycle of the fuel is considered. Life-cycle analysis (LCA) Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... 2.5 Economic Benefits of Alternative Jet Fuels Since there is an adequate amount of research and field experience to demonstrate the actual economic benefits of alternative jet fuels produced from agricultural feedstocks, the discussion that follows focuses on facilities that use those feedstocks. Nevertheless, the essential analytical principles can apply to studies for nonagricultural feedstocks such as coal and natural gas. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... . 2.6 Possible Economic Implications of Regulation What are the possible economic implications of regulation on alternative jet fuels? Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... . The industry realizes that alternative jet fuels with a life-cycle GHG footprint smaller than conventional jet fuel can help airlines meet their carbonneutral growth goals. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... . These documents can also be of value to airports interested in a better understanding of the process to determine the life-cycle GHG footprint of alternative jet fuels and overall compliance with Section 526. Read the entire page →

From page 8...

... Current efforts to certify the use of alternative jet fuels are based on the principles that they meet or exceed the same safety criteria as conventional jet fuel and that they are 100% compatible with the existing jet fuel infrastructure. Who is responsible for setting the standards to certify conventional and alternative jet fuels?