Science and Technology in the Academic Enterprise Status, Trends, and Issues (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 10-16
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From page 10... ...
From 1978 to 1988, the federal share of academic research support declined from 66 percent to 60 percent (Figures 1-10 and 1-11~. Among private doctoral universities, the federal share decreased from 75 percent to 73 percent, while among public doctoral universities, it dropped from 60 percent to 53 percent (Figures 1-12 and 1-13~.
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From page 11... ...
production is primarily due to a rising enrollment of foreign students in the natural sciences and engineering (Figures 1-19 and 1-20~.~2 If it was not clear earlier, it became so by the end of the 1979-1988 decade: The historic relationship between university research and graduate education was under stress from virtual steady-states in university enrollments and the over-all production of new doctoral researchers, on the one hand, and mounting pressure to expand basic research activities, with or without instructional components, on the other. With the over-all ratio of students to faculty remaining constant over the past decade, expansion occurred in part by creating extra-departmental research centers and institutes and hiring non-teaching researchers to operate them.~3 While graduate education in the United States continues to include significant research components, what appears to have changed is the extent to which expanding academic research programs include instructional components.
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From page 12... ...
Aspiring research universities are under great pressure to develop research capacity; they are also at some financial risk, whether they opt to develop research capacity or not. If they seek to attract a prestigious scientific and engineering faculty, they must invest resources heavily in state-of-the-art research facilities and instrumentation; in a competitive academic labor market, even promising younger faculty members can now demand university resources for their research projects and time to establish their research careers before undertaking teaching duties.
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From page 13... ...
o 1 953 1 957 1961 1965 1 969 1973 1 977 1981 1985 1989 ~3 Basic Research ~ Applied Research =3 Development ~ See corresponding figure in Part Two for data sources and definition of terms.
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From page 14... ...
S1988 Thousands 250 200 50 ~ 100 50 ~ //~ sn ~//~/~//~////~///~///~/~/ ~o ~ ~,v ~''1' ,V~' 1~ , , .V 1 ~ ~ - ~v 1 ' 4; ~0 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1958 19631968 1973 19781983 1988 E=l Operoting Funds ~ [quipment [~] Private gg~ Public E:3 a.D Fociliti.e Figure 1~: Academic Faculty by Institution Type (See l?
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From page 15... ...
d0% 207 07. ~ 958 ~ 963 1968 1973 1978 1983 EN Federal O Sta1~/Locol EN Industry Al Own Funds ~ Other Figure 1-13: Distribution of Private Doctoral Institution R&D Revenues by Source of Funds (See figure 2-32~.
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From page 16... ...
~ 20 includes the 20 doctoral institutions with the largest R&D expenditures. Nest 40 includes the nact 40 institutions with largest R&D expenditures, and Natt 125 includes all other doctoral institutions.
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