Status and Applications of Diamond and Diamond-Like Materials An Emerging Technology (1990) / Chapter Skim
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3 Characterization Techniques Relevant to Superhard Materials
3 Characterization Techniques Relevant to Superhard Materials
Pages 61-72
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From page 61... ...
Raman spectroscopy appears to be the analytical tool of choice because the diamond Raman neak , , ,# at 1332 cm~' is easily distinguished from peaks related to other forms of carbon' as shown in Figure 3-1. A detailed investigation of the Raman spectra of films prepared under various deposition conditions, correlated with Auger and EELS data, should lead to the development of standard reference materials for calibrating instrumentation in the field (as opposed to the research laboratory)
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From page 62... ...
The broad line labeled ~ in (a) is the spectrum of a-Si scaled to the diamond frequency to represent the spectrum of amorphous diamond, while the broad line labeled cx in (b)
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From page 63... ...
It is an extremely powerful method that can resolve individual atoms on surfaces but cannot be applied to insulating materials. The scanning force microscope, on the other hand, does not require a conducting substrate; however, its resolution is significantly less than that of the STM.
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From page 64... ...
Raman spectroscopy can also be done in a Fourier transform mode and may prove useful for studying nucleation processes. High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy can also be used to obtain information on the vibrational structure of absorbed species.
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From page 65... ...
However, both RBS and Auger spectroscopy have detection limits on the order of 10-3 atomic percent. When lower detection limits are required secondary ion mass spectroscopy or neutron activation is useful.
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From page 66... ...
, ., a, * , ., a-ciH diamond-like hydrocarbons FIGURE 3-2 Atom number density versus atom fraction hydrogen (Angus and Hayman, 1988~.
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From page 67... ...
This variability makes it imperative that the thermal properties of CVD diamond be well characterized, not only as a means of establishing design parameters for specific devices but also because it may be possible to use thermal measurements as a means of monitoring the deposition process.
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From page 68... ...
Several methods based on thermal wave generation and detection appear promising for measuring the thermal properties of diamond films. These methods yield the thermal diffusivity, A, which is related to the thermal conductivity, k, by A = k/Cp where C = specific heat and p = density.
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From page 69... ...
In addition, cathodoluminescence imaging can be correlated with secondary-electron or other imaging modes of the electron microscope that may provide complementary information about crystal growth and morphology. Cathodoluminescence images and spectra in CVD diamond have been able to identify defect centers that have been observed in bulk diamond (Boccara et al., 1980~.
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From page 70... ...
A wide variety of defect centers have been identified in natural diamond by means of photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence. Some of these defects such as the neutral vacancy and nitrogen-carbon interstitial complexes have now been observed in CVD diamond.
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From page 71... ...
1987. Critical review, Characterization of diamond-like carbon films and their application as overcoats on thin-film media for magnetic recording.
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