Livestock (1993) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Global Status of Livestock and Poultry Species
Appendix A: Global Status of Livestock and Poultry Species
Pages 141-170
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From page 141... ...
Mason is an animal breeding consultant and was, until recently, an animal production officer with the Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
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142 oo oo .= a~ U)
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and to conserve minor breeds (Bowman, 1974~. North America and Oceania have no indigenous mammalian livestock breeds.
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Nevertheless, many of the original native breeds are still maintained, although many are rare or nearly extinct (Table Am. In most of western Europe, private or governmental bodies operate conservation programs for rare breeds.
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Native breeds of minor importance include Azerbaijan Zebu, Central Asian Zebu, Georgian Mountain, and Mingrelian Red; rare and declining breeds include Dagestan Mountain, Estonian Native, Goryn of Byelorussia, Kazakh, Siberian White, Ukrainian Grey, and Yakut. Conservation herds have been formed for three breeds of the latter group.
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From page 146... ...
Extensive crossing with European breeds has produced five named breeds of crossbred origin; the crossbreeding programs tend to choose the best Indian breeds as foundation stock, which has led to the decline in the number of pure Sahiwals. Two nineteenth-century derivatives of European crossbreeding, the Taylor of Bihar and the Hatton of Sri Lanka, are nearly extinct.
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From page 147... ...
Because its productivity per unit of body weight is higher than that of other breeds in tsetse areas, the West African Shorthorn needs conservation. There are still sizable populations in the Ivory Coast (Baoule)
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From page 148... ...
In the United States, the two breeds of Spanish origin are the Texas Longhorn, which has come back from near extinction to be a flourishing breed, and the nearly extinct Florida Cracker, which is now the object of private conservation efforts. In the United States and Canada, some interesting rare breeds are descended from early imports from other countries; these include the Dutch Belted, Milking Devon, and Canadienne.
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From page 149... ...
The large number of minor and rare breeds reported for Italy reflects recent identification of several local breeds in what was hitherto considered a heterogeneous population and, to a great extent, still is. In the Commonwealth of Independent States, dairy goats are mostly restricted to individual holdings; the only recognized breeds are the Saanen derivatives in northern European Russia (Russian White and Gorki)
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From page 150... ...
In addition, eight new dairy breeds are being formed by crossing native goats with European breeds, chiefly Saanen. In the Far East, there are small, local goats in Korea, Indochina, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.
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From page 151... ...
and flourishing native populations in all other countries of the area. The Americas The original Spanish, Portuguese, and West African imports have given rise to the Criollo goats of Spanish America (with many national populations)
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In the Commonwealth of Independent States, there are 19 recognized breeds, but 11 are Large White or its derivatives (some with TABLE A-4 Number and Status of Local European Pig Breeds Status Region or Country Major Minor Rare Nearly Recently Extinct Extinct Western and central Europe Beneluxa British Isles France Germany Hungary Italy Poland Portugal Spain Southeast Europe Albania Bulgaria Romania Yugoslavia 1 7 4 3 1 1 6 16 6 12 2 1 1 2 2 8 2 3 4 2 - 4 NOTE: Excludes Large White' landrace, and their derivatives. aBelgium, Luxembourg' and the Netherlands.
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From page 153... ...
There are native breeds in Korea and in Papua New Guinea. Africa There are few, if any, pigs in Muslim North Africa and only two native breeds have been recorded elsewhere the West African and the Bantu of South Africa.
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The United States is unique among Western countries in having its own breeds of pigs. In addition to Landrace and Large White, there are five major and two minor breeds, two more are nearly extinct, and four are recently extinct (not counting the short-lived synthetic breeds)
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have been combined into two regional breeds. There are also several draft breeds of west European origin.
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The minor breeds include four native breeds and five native breeds improved by crossbreeding. All the rare breeds, except one, are indigenous breeds.
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In southern Africa, there are two or three local breeds of horse or pony that are struggling to survive, and the Basuto Pony is nearly extinct. The Americas Latin America has its Criollo (or Crioulo)
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In central Europe, the process of replacement of native breeds has gone much farther. This may not be clear from Table A-6, but with the exception of the East Friesian in Germany, all major breeds are of Merino or other west European origin, as are all but four of the minor breeds.
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From page 159... ...
There are 38 native breeds in India, 28 in Pakistan, 5 in Nepal, and l each in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. In addition, there are about six new breeds in India based on Merino crosses, but they have not yet made any impact on the numbers of the native breeds, except in Kashmir, where the Kashmir Merino has reached large numbers.
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From page 160... ...
The others are hair sheep longlegged sheep in the Sahel and the so-called West African Dwarf in the Guinean (coastal) zone.
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Most new breeds in southern Africa are based on the Merino, but the Dorper is of Dorset-Persian breeding and a useful addition to improved meat breeds adapted to the dry tropics. The Americas The temperate areas of Latin America are entirely populated by European breeds, largely Merinos, but the tropical areas have large populations of "native" breeds, so-called because of centuries of adaptation to local conditions.
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From page 162... ...
There are a few exceptions, but overall, the range of poultry genetic resources has never been adequately measured, even at national levels. Second, national census data do not clearly distinguish among the various species of domesticated birds, and so there is not even any certain knowledge of the world population for each species.
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From page 163... ...
Industrial and middle-level stocks developed under temperate conditions. Industrial chickens are bred by primary breeder operations owned by multinational corporations.
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, first published by the American Poultry Association in 1874. Several breeds, including Rhode Island Red, White Leghorn, and Barred Plymouth Rock, have been repeatedly introduced into developing countries to improve the production performance of indigenous stocks.
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The native chickens of Iran have been described, but there are no known studies from other areas of southwest Asia. Most is known about the indigenous resources of southeast Asia and Oceania (Society for the Advancement of Breeding Researches in Asia and Oceania, 1980~.
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From page 166... ...
In southeast Asia, Japanese quail production is becoming a major industry. Most stocks in use could be classed as middle-level breeds.
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Khaki Campbells and Indian Runners are noted for high levels of egg production. Indigenous stocks in southeast Asia are kept mainly for egg production under herding management.
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From page 168... ...
Pittsboro, N.C.: American Minor Breeds Conservancy. American Poultry Association.
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From page 169... ...
1980. Proceedings of SABRAO Workshop on Animal Genetic Resources in Asia and Oceania.
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