Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base (1992) / Chapter Skim
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C Conservation Supply Curves for Buildings
C Conservation Supply Curves for Buildings
Pages 708-716
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From page 708... ...
The second type of curve shows achievable scenarios based on actual experience; typical utility conservation programs have captured only about 50 percent of the technical potential. On a conservation supply curve, each measure or step (such as "efficiency improvements to residential refrigerators")
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From page 709... ...
Today, marry jurisdictions require a theoretical "environmental adder" of 1 to 3 cents/l`Wh; that is, they give efficiency an advantage of 1 to 3 cents/kWh over supply during resource planning. For example, New York has recently adopted a point system for evaluating competing resources in which the most environmentally disruptive resource (a new coal plant)
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From page 710... ...
Most efficient refrigerator in year 2000, including all technical improvements with cost of conserved energy (CCE) less than 6 cents/kWh 1000 700 600 200 the Mitigation Panel has followed the standard sin of setting the adder to zero, but line 5 at least points out that if 1 to 3 cents/kWh is added to the all-sector average price, one arrives at a societal after-tax price of 7.4 to 9.4 cents/kWh, which brackets nicely the present 7.5-cent/kWh price to buildings drawn on all the supply curves in Part Three of this report.
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From page 711... ...
= 100 kWh Frozen efficiency Frozen efficiency Technical potential Achievable Naturally occurring Technical potential Naturally occurring Achievable NOTE: In its supply curves, the panel has adjusted all curves to "frozen efficiency-technical potential" energy savings and to a real discount rate of 6 percent. mated" base case is that estimates frequently change, thus muddying cleaner technical potential calculations.
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Power Plant FIGURE C.1 Cost of conserved electricity (CCE) for buildings.
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-- 42 ~ o o = ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ -I ~ ~ FICURE C.2 Nat cost of conserved carbon dioxide (CC CO2) for clecthc e~ciency in the buildings sector.
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From page 714... ...
(¢/kWh) 1 White surfaces and urban trees45 45 0.50 0.53 2 Residential lighting56 101 0.84 0.88 3 Residential water heating38 139 1.20 1.26 4 Commercial water heating9 149 1.30 1.37 5 Commercial lighting167 315 1.38 1.45 6 Commercial cooking6 322 1.43 1.50 7 Commercial cooling116 437 1.82 1.91 8 Commercial refrigeration21 459 2.08 2.18 9 Residential appliances103 562 3.18 3.34 10 Residential space heating105 667 3.48 3.65 11 Commercial and industrial space heating22 689 3.77 3.96 12 Commercial ventilation45 734 6.50 6.83 Total Notes Figure 21.8 and C.1 Carbon DioxideK L M Individual Cumulative CC CON Mt CO2 Savings Mt CO2 Savings d=.06 ($/ton)
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E F G H Net CCE- 6.4¢/kWh base Potential $ Savings (d=.06) $B d=.03 d=.06 d=.10 (7.5¢/kWh base)
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From page 716... ...
CO2 Emissions Reduction Potential from Energy Conservation and the Substitution of Natural Gas for Coal in the Period to 2010. Report DOE/ NBB-0085.
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