Finding Common Ground U.S. Export Controls in a Changed Global Environment (1991) / Chapter Skim
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10 Improving Methods for List Construction and Review
10 Improving Methods for List Construction and Review
Pages 154-164
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From page 154... ...
export control policy involves balancing conflicting national interests. Achieving that balance requires trade-offs between the potential benefits that can accrue to national security from export controls and the potential costs that such controls can impose on U.S.
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From page 155... ...
· A comparison of benefits and costs that allows a sorting into controlled and uncontrolled items. This chapter focuses on trade with the Soviet Union, beginning with how a control list should be constructed.
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From page 156... ...
Future list review, as well as possible future reconstructions, would benefit from a more systematic approach. REDESIGNING LIST CONSTRUCTION AND REVIEW FOR EAST-WEST CONTROLS Identify Items of Concern Many dual use items might provide military benefits to the Soviet Union.
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From page 157... ...
Examples include almost any item that could accelerate or strengthen the development of the basic capabilities of Soviet high-technology industry, such as large numbers of medium-performance engineering work stations and joint ventures or technical exchanges that result in significant numbers of Soviet citizens learning how to manage manufacturing and research and development operations efficiently. Any system that is designed to identify militarily critical items for potential control, however, will bog down in conflict and disagreement unless it receives clear presidential policy guidance through a national security directive (NSD)
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From page 158... ...
· An explicit assessment of the nature of current and likely future military threats posed by the Soviet Union and an understanding of how Western dual use items might contribute to the evolution of such threats. This is needed so that the relative importance of candidate item-groups can be assessed.
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From page 159... ...
national security of promoting the current processes of restructuring, openness, and democratization that are under way in the Soviet Union. In theory, a full ordering and weighting of item-groups proposed for control could be undertaken to reflect considerations of U.S.
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From page 160... ...
If foreign policy and trade costs have been sorted into several categories, as outlined above, a somewhat more quantitative sorting may be undertaken to guide and assist decision makers in regularizing the list construction process and enable them to focus their attention on those decisions that most require their powers of qualitative judgment. In either case, the end result should be a proposed control list that can be presented for multilateral consideration in CoCom.
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From page 161... ...
These considerations suggest that technologies that are more than eight years old should be removed from the CoCom list. The removal process could be automated if, through its member governments, CoCom maintained a data base to which manufacturers could send information whenever they ship a new product that advances any performance parameter used in specifying a CoCom control.
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From page 162... ...
Because U.S. national security, foreign policy, and economic interests are significantly different in these contexts, however, separate prioritizations are likely to be necessary, although they should benefit greatly from the analysis that is done in support of controls on exports to the Soviet Union.
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From page 163... ...
Incorporating foreign availability considerations into the determination of controllability as an integral component of annual list review will obviate the need for a separate and independent foreign availability assessment process. Several other kinds of uncontrollable items can also be defined, three of which are listed below: 1.
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From page 164... ...
To ensure that CoCom's criteria for judging the acceptability of proposed end-use controls do not become outdated by rapidly evolving political realities, the United States should urge CoCom to reconsider and revise its end-use control guidelines on a regular basis.
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