Finding Common Ground U.S. Export Controls in a Changed Global Environment (1991) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 379-390
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From page 379... ...
export controls and, 20-22, 200-202 Advisory Committee on Export Policy, 82 Afghanistan foreign policy export controls, 314 Aircraft industry. See Commercial aircraft and jet engine industries Allen, Lew, Jr., 6, 318 Allen panel, 6, 10-11, 28n, 100 Allen report (Balancing the National Interest: U.S.
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l9, 101 interest in changing dual use item restrictions, 107 opposition to extraterritoriality, 317 prevention of reexports of CoCom-controlled items. 30 Third Country Cooperation initiative, 66-68, 122-126, 171, 176 trade between European Community agency, 145- 146, 180 enforcement procedures of, 150 involvement in judicial review, 101 - 102, 321 -333 involvement in National Security Council meetings, 153 licensing responsibilities, 79-86 problem of overlapping jurisdictions facing, 94-95 study on emerging technologies, 21, 200 technical advisory committees established and administered by, 102, 103, 195.
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From page 381... ...
, 6 COSEPUP. See Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy Crime control, in Export Administration Regulations, 78 Cuba Canadian trade with, 300 export controls targeted against, 72, 78 development, 20, 155 identifying economic and foreign policy costs, 158- 159 identifying items of concern, 156- 157 identifying security risks, 158 quantitative analysis used in, 352-355 rank ordering of item-groups, 352 recommendations regarding, 147- 148, 188, Czechoslovakia 192 Control list management administrative problems, 223 and foreign policy controls, 76-77 industry participation, 103, 176 integration and review, 147- 148, 160 jurisdictional disputes, 87, 147, 148 national security priorities, 73-76, 162 periodic reconstruction, 161- 162 single agency authority, 144 sunsetting, 160, 161, 184, 248 Control lists characteristics of CoCom, 3, 65-66, 73, 75 characteristics of U
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From page 382... ...
jurisdictional problems, 93 licensing responsibilities, 83, 84 Enforcement of export controls British views regarding, 271 in Japan, 297-298 judicial review of Commerce Department, 323-324 overlapping, 94-95, 172 recommendations regarding, 94, 149- 150, 193-194 responsibilities, 150, 180 of sanctions, 85-86, 94-95, 149- 150, 180 Espionage, technology acquisition through, 2829, 167 Europe fact-findin~ mission to 'general issues covered, 267-268 meetin`g with European Parliament, 284-285 meetings in Belgium, 282-285 meetings in Federal Republic of Germany, 276-282 meetings in France, 273-276 meetings in Great Britain, 268-273 meetings in Switzerland, 285-286 European Atomic Energy Community. 283 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 50 European Community (EC)
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From page 383... ...
See also United Kingdom aerospace industry in, 23 fact-finding mission to, 268-273 view on economic aid to Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 50 H Harriman, Averell, 311 High-walls principles/products, 251, 257, 297 M^n ~ kin An fir concern regarding China, 287 export control program with United Kingdom, 123 fact-finding mission to, 291-293 industrialization of, 41 Hungary change in relationship with Soviet Union, 31-32, 43, 48 economic aid for, 50 economic change in, 49 export regulations regarding, 65, 93 Illegal sales technology acquisition through, 29-30 India conflict with Pakistan, 55, 57 export controls for, 113 as missile technology source, 134 nuclear weapon capabilities, 56 Indonesia, 123 Industry.
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31 Libya chemical weapons capabilities. 57, 71, 112 export controls targeted against.
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106 license processing, 79-83 limitations on types and uses, 114-116, 175 matrix of, 86, 88-89 new targets for, 112-114, 174-175 outdated, 39, 106- 110 policy mechanisms, 140- 142 presidential role, 139- 140, 187- 188 recommendations regarding, 116- 117 National security interests and changes in sources of threat, 43-59, 170 changes in Soviet Union and Eastern Europe impacting, 43-46, 168- 169 economic and technological challenges, 40 43 and economic exchange with East, 49-50, 169 economic factors in formulation of, 43, 168 export control policy and, 140 findings and recommendations concerning traditional threat, 52-53, 181 - 182 and People's Republic of China, 50-52, 170 proliferation threat, 2-3, 170-171 shifts in, 15 Soviet defense doctrine and military force deployment impacting, 46-49 studies, 5-6 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization Netherlands, the, 285 Neutrality Act of 1935, 309 Newly industrializing countries (NICs)
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British policy toward, 269 China Green Line, 51, 65, 279, 281 as controlled destination, 51, 65 efforts to deny access to militarily relevant technology to, 106 export restrictions following Tiananmen Square demonstrations, 72 as missile technology source, 57, 134 as national security threat, 50-52, 170, 287 need for changes in export controls for, 111113, 170-171 need for participation in efforts to reduce proliferation, 2, 58, 171 technology acquisition by, 26, 27 Perle, Richard N., 313n, 314n, 316 Persian Gulf crisis as source of physical threat, 40, 53-54 and Soviet-Western cooperation, 14, 55 trade embargo against Iraq during, 72 Poland change in relationship with Soviet Union, 31-32, 43, 48 economic aid for, 50 economic change in, 49 export regulations regarding, 65, 93 martial law in' 316 Policy Coordinating Committee on NonProliferation (PCC)
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From page 387... ...
efforts to limit, 3, 12, 52-53, 88, 106, 314 and utilization, 33-35, 46, 315 Soviet Union computer industry/technology in, 24, 261 264 determining items acceptable for export to 93, 156-159 economic and political changes in, 8, 9, 13 14, 16, 43-46, 49-50, 52, 154, 159, 166, 181, 250 export control changes needed for, 107, 108, 111-112, 118, 120, 161, 171 human rights issues, 313-314 intelligence services of, 28 as missile technology source, 57, 134 need for participation in efforts to reduce proliferation of weapons, 2, 58, 113, 171 policy recommendations for dealings with, 181-183, 185 Reagan administration view of, 314-316 regional conflict in, 14, 55 South Korean concern regarding, 293 strategic offensive capability in Central Europe, 2 technology denial strategy used against, 311 threat presented by, 39-40, 51 -53, 158, 165, 181, 267, 287 U.S. controls on oil and gas equipment to, 72, 115, 316-317 Space launch technology, 36 State Department.
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, 30, 66-68, 122-126, 176 Third Country Cooperation Working Group, 66 Titanium-based alloys, 213 Toshiba-Kongsberg case, 29, 33, 64, 296-298, 318-319 Trade as catalyst for change in Eastern Europe and Soviet Union, 50 within European Community, 120- 122 impact calf export control policy on U.S.,
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From page 389... ...
export control proposed reforms. See also Policy recommendations administrative due process and appropriate judicial review ~ 148- 149 changes in agency and legislative authority, 146-147 enforcement issues, 149-150, 180 increased industry participation, 151 - 152, 336-348 integration and review of control lists 147-148 munitions and dual use item standards, 147 policy execution, 143-146, 190-191 policy formulation, 139-142, 179, 187-190 time limits and dispute resolution, 148 U.S.
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From page 390... ...
166 167, 202, 222, 239, 317 participation in control list management, 103, 176 participation in export control policy, 102 103, 151-153, 173-174. 180, 194-195 proposal for use of technical expertise in export control process, 336-348 U.S.
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