Biographical Memoirs Volume 58 (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Percival Bailey
Percival Bailey
Pages 2-47
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The direction of this migration was cletermined in considerable measure by the existence of the Illinois Central RailroacI, which ran from Little Egypt directly to Chicago. In other parts of the United States, notably in New England, similar developments have been attributer!
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Percival Bailey's father, John Henry Bailey, never attracted his son's admiration or affection. A laborer seldom steadily employed, he cirank to excess and was irresponsible.
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After completing the local country school, Bailey won a scholarship to the nearby normal school, Southern Illinois State Teachers College, now Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale. He proposed to become a country schoolteacher, a goal that was never achieved, but his experience at Carbondale was the beginning of a long series of varied influences that were to mold his future.
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" Julius Grinker, not on the faculty, stimulated his interest in clinical neurology. Later, others, inclucling Harvey Cushing, Pierre Marie, George Boris Hassin, Pierre Janet, and Gaetan Gatian de Clerambault, were also to be important in his development and training.
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(Bailey related his experiences at the Mercy Hospital in a delightful chapter, "Sister EtheIrita," in Up From Little Egyptian As he was approaching the en(1 of his internship, Bailey wrote two letters, one to the surgeon Harvey Cushing, in Boston, and one to the psychiatrist Adolf Meyer, at Johns Hopkins. This has led to speculation that Bailey was a man who tract difficulty making up his mind and coul(1 not decide whether he wanted to be a neurosurgeon or a psychiatrist.
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Yet he hacl nothing but contempt for Cushing as a man. In Up From Little Egypt (p.
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At La Salpetriere, he came under the influence of Pierre Marie, one of the greatest clinical neurologists of this century. Bailey also learned to speak French perfectly, without a trace of foreign accent, my French friends inform me.
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Bailey's marriage further strengthened his contacts with ant} interests in things Armenian, begun early in life with his admiration for the southern Illinois cloctor, Arsen Sissakian. Yevnige's brother, Antranig, was to become one of his closest friends.
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Phemister, professor of surgery at The University of Chicago, to develop neurological surgery at that institution. Bailey was thrilled with this opportunity.
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Stephen Polyak was induced to come to Chicago from the University of California, where he had recently completed the research that resulted in his publication Afferent Fiber Systems of the Cerebral Cortex (Berkeley: University of California Press,.1932, 370 pp.~. Bailey intended to recruit into his new department men
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Gerard, electroneurophysiologist; Stephen Polyak, neuroanatomist and clinical neurologist; Frederick C Koch, biochemist; Paul C
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his associates in neurosurgical techniques. Vincent was aIrea(ly a distinguishecl neurologist anct was recognizecl as the father of modern neurological surgery in France.
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while he was in Boston, Blood Vessel Tumors of the Brain. In 1933, he published his classic clinical text on brain tumors, Intracranial Tumors.
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Case, working with equipment he built himself in Bailey's laboratories, was one of the first to demonstrate the changes in the electroencephalogram as the result of a tumor of the brain. During the years from 1928 to 1939, while he was organizing neurology and neurological surgery at The University of Chicago, Bailey was actively teaching undergraduates and
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At the University of Illinois he induced Eric Oldberg, head of the Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, to engage Warren S McCulloch, a pupil of Dusser cle Barenne's at Yale, to take charge of the experimental neurophysiological laboratories in the new Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute.
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Green, director of the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona, took their residency training in neurological surgery at the University of Illinois. Others came to work with Bailey for only a few months, or a few years.
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of the neurosurgical section of The Year Book of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery He participated in the translation of his books Intracranial Tumors and Tumors of the Glioma Group into several cli~erent languages and in the publication of new editions of Intracranial Tumors anct Intracranial Tumors of Infancy and Childhood He became very interested! in the possibility of stereotactic surgery in man but realized that such operations could not be performed satisfactorily without an accurate atlas of the human brain.
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positions as director of the Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute, research and educational consultant to the Illinois Department of Public Welfare, ant] director of the Illinois State Psychopathic Institute, Bailey saw the opportunity to do something for psychiatry.
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Under the laws of the state this money could only be used to improve the care of patients in the state psychiatric institutions, yet surprisingly, up until this time, no one had had the imagination necessary to use it. Bailey was able to convince Governor AcIlai Stevenson and the state legislature to use these funcis to create and maintain an Illinois Psychiatric Training and Research Authority, which was modeler!
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powerful, more baneful than beneficial, influence." It is not to be supposed that the pernicious influence of the Freudian doctrine was limited to the understancling anct practice of psychiatry. As Alajouanine, professor of neurology at the University of Paris, says in the preface to Sigmund le Tourmente, "Dens les spheres intellectuelles, beaucoup croient avoir trouve clans les conceptions freudiennes une psychologie nouvelle qui va permettre de penetrer dans les profondeurs do l'inconscient et, ale la, pour certains, va stedifier une philosophic de la vie et une interpretation du monde basee sur la metapsychologie de Freud.
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Bailey was unhappy with what he had been able to do in psychiatry, just as he had been unhappy years before with the failure of his efforts to bring neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropathology, medical neurology, and neurological surgery together into one discipline in our universities. Bailey was ahead of his time.
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Yet, on another plane, one of Bailey's favorite quotations was from Mark Twain, that one should never spoil a good story by telling the absolute truth. Bailey was a delightful raconteur, and the reader is well advised to refer to Up From Little Egypt.
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During the last several years of his life, Yevnige devoted almost every hour of her life to his care. In her own right Yevnige was a distinguished musician, yet she subjugated her talent and interests to being Percival Bailey's companion and helpmate.
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For many years he was a member of the Chicago Literary Club, of
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Bailey's literary abilities are further evidenced in Up From Little Egypt, a collection of autobiographical vignettes. It is not an autobiography, nor was one ever written.
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Even more important, he couic3 have maple valuable contributions to NTH and to the NINCDS. Percival Bailey's neurological interests were broad and included neuroanatomy, neuropathology, neurophysiology, medical neurology, neurological surgery, and psychiatry.
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, ~ , In February of 1967, a real tragedy struck. It was a cold, windy, icy day in Chicago, and Bailey went to his office at the Illinois State Psychiatric Institute by taxicab.
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of enforced inactivity that he compilecI autobiographical sketches into a book, Up From Little Egypt. One chapter is missing from that book.
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fluctuations in his condition cluring this period, but the general level of his mental and physical health remained about the same. But in June of 1973 he became persistently less alert, at times confused, at others lethargic.
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The morphology and morphogenesis of the choroid plexuses, with especial reference to the development of the lateral telencephalic plexus in chrysemys marginata.
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Die funktion der hypophysis cerebri. Ergeb.
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Microchemical color reactions as an aid to the identification and classification of brain tumors.
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Med., 7:939-40. Remarks concerning tumors in the region of the third ventricle.
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The relationship of the structure of intracranial tumors to their biological activity. Cincinnati J
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98:1643. 1933 Intracranial Tumors.
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Concerning the treatment of intracranial tumors in infancy and childhood.
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Location of the respiratory inhibitory center in the cerebral cortex of the dog.
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With Bonin, Garol, and McCulloch. The functional organizations of the temporal lobe of the monkey (Macaca mulatto)
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Med., 6:34-57. Intracranial Tumors.
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The history of the Illinois State Psychopathic Institute. The Welfare Bull., 43:17-20.
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Psychiatry, 76: 565-66. Intracranial tumors.
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Brain research in the mental health service of Illinois Department of Public Welfare. In: Biological Foundations of Psychiatry, ed.
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P Bekhtereva, Biopotentials of Cerebral Hemispheres in Brain Tumors.
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Illinois Psychiatric Training and Research Authori0: History of Its First Five Years. Springfield, Ill.: State Printing Office.
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