Biographical Memoirs Volume 58 (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Dickinson Woodruff Richards
Dickinson Woodruff Richards
Pages 458-487
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ANONYMOUS MODESTY AND GREATNESS seldom harmonize in one indiviclual. Dickinson Woodruff Richards ("Dick")
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, educator, historian, reformer, or humanist. This essay by his friend and close collaborator for more than forty years will evoke Dick's life and his fundamental contributions in these many and diverse situations in an attempt to recreate, ten years after his death, the image of a man who achieved greatness by exacting perfection of himself in whatever activity he was engaged.
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either with Bellevue Hospital or the College of Physicians ant! Surgeons, or both.
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Professor Bellinger, recalling his friendship with Dick, stated that, "when evaluating any tother] man, he always usect the scale of D.W.R., set at 100." While at Yale, in aciclition to pursuing his studies in the humanities, Dick acquired a good background knowleclge of mathematics and natural sciences, anti, as Olsen reported, "lecI his entire class in gracles throughout his unclergraduate years." Yet these scholastic achievements clid not cleter him from fincling time for extracurricular or athletic activities.
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actions in these years were, by his own account, two outstanding physiologists from whom he clerived his grounding in physiological research and his approach to scientific medicine ancI clinical investigation, which wouIct shortly rival the basic knowlecige acquirer] earlier in the century.
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in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot; and a third one on the influence of posture upon the mechanics of blood flow. On several occasions Dick Richards paid tribute to Professor Henderson as his mentor in physiology anct his ideal as a scientist.
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One can only admire the way Dick modestly neglects to emphasize his own role, a trait that was so significant throughout his entire scientific life. In any case his work in Henry Dale's laboratory was sanctioned by the publication in the journal of Physiology of two papers, one in collaboration with Walter Bauer on the vasoclilator effect of acetates, and 2Bauer was another American research fellow with whom Dick maintained a lifelong friendship.
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More significant for his career as an investigator, Dick's training in Dale's laboratory was to prove of particular value in later years when he familiarized himself with the technique of right-heart catheterization in experiments on clogs anct in a chimpanzee. At the end of the tenure of his research fellowship, Dick Richards returned to New York.
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, he initiated a series of investigations, pursued during the next five years. The studies concerned the effects of oxygen therapy in chronic cardiac anti pulmonary diseases, including cardiac failure, pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary fibrosis, ant!
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by the introduction into clinical investigation of the technique of cardiac catheterization. This additional technique enabled the exploration of the dynamics of the cardiac functions— output, filling and ejection pressure, pulmonary and systemic blood flow.
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As a teacher-scientist applying principles and results of research to interpretation of clinical phenomena and toward improved medical treatment, and awakening investigative potential in residents and interns through his attitude of constant inquiry. And finally as chief:ofservice always available to members of his house staff, fostering an at
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To the medical historian we owe a deep anct illuminating knowledge of his two medical heroes, Harvey, the scientist, and Hippocrates, the practicing physician and natural philosopher; and the creation anct implementation of a program of teaching in biomedical history that emphasizes men and ideas rather than facts and chronology. One of D.W.R.'s most notable achievements was to (liscover what his hero, Hippocrates of Cos, Coked like and who he was.
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He also rejuvenated the Platonic concept of Taraxis, or disorder, which our whole human experience imposes on the interpretation of environmental phenomena anct the events of life. He emphasized that the chaos, the senseless, and the suffering lead in medicine to the reestablishment of orcler.
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Well, one can say that in this particular posture it is indeed equally symbolic, and equally useless with the aesculapian wand. But now suppose we put the thing into operation.
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tradition, from early on demanding perfection of himself, presenting a rare example of a happy marriage from which issued four daughters anct many granctchilclren; mastering medicine and contributing substantially to carcliopulmonary physiology; withstanding with easy grace the challenge to personal integrity occasioned by the highest recognition affordecI scientists and physicians; remaining the man formed by his early training, education, and culture, and yet going far beyond them, as reflected! in one sense in the above statement and in another in his inspired new understancling of Hippocrates.
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. man, proud man, Drest in a little brief authority, Most ignorant of what he's most assured, His glassy essence, like an angry ape, Plays such fantastic tricks before high heaven As make the angels weep.
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Levy. Effects of oxygen therapy on patients with congestive heart failure.
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Applicability of rebreathing method for determining mixed venous CO2 in cases of chronic pulmonary disease.
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Intravenous saline infusion as a clinical test for right heart and left heart failure. Trans.
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III. Cases demonstrating advanced cardiopulmonary insufficiency following artificial pneumothorax and thoracoplasty.
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Recording of right heart pressures in normal subjects and in patients with chronic pulmonary disease and with various types of cardiocirculatory disease.
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Werko. The physiological studies of the effects of intermittent positive pressure breathing on cardiac output in man.
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West et al. Effects of cortisone and ACTH in cases of chronic pulmonary disease with impairment of alveolarcapillary diffusion.
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Wood. Pulmonary function in rheumatic heart disease and its relation to exertional dyspnea in ambulatory patients.
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Mechanical and myorcardial factors in rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis. Circulation, 11:531.
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The management of cor pulmonale in chronic pulmonary disease, with particular reference to the associated disturbances in the pulmonary circulation.
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Heart disease in drivers of public motor vehicles as a cause of highway accidents.
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1970 Hippokrates und die Geschichte. Naturwiss.
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Are our medical school faculties qualified to teach medicine?
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