Video Displays, Work, and Vision (1983) / Chapter Skim
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9. Design, Practice, and Standards for VDT Equipment and Work
9. Design, Practice, and Standards for VDT Equipment and Work
Pages 194-213
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From page 194... ...
The second section examines guidelines and standards for VDT design that have been proposed or enacted into law in several European countries and Canada and discusses whether useful and appropriate standards should be established in the United States on the basis of present data. PRINCIPLES OF GOOD DESIGN AND PRACTICE Image Quality and Display Design A number of display parameters that are known to influence visual performance (discussed in Chapter 4)
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From page 195... ...
Virtually all of the problems associated with lighting and reflections in VDT workplaces can be eliminated or prevented by applying established principles of illuminating engineering, including lighting specification systems, in systematic workplace lighting design (discussed in Chapter 5~. Problems caused by inappropriate lighting can be classified into three general categories: (1)
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From page 196... ...
The use of VDTs in which the screen angle can be adjusted can also help in reducing reflections; a hood placed around the screen can help minimize veiling reflections. Reflections off the front surface of a VDT screen can reduce the contrast and thus the visibility of the display image.
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From page 197... ...
While filters reduce the luminance of the reflected image with respect to the luminance of the display image, they also tend to diffuse the display image to varying degrees (see the discussion in Chapter 4~. Systematic Design of VDT Workstations General Considerations To achieve an ergonomically satisfactory workstation design, the multiple interactions between task, environment, and workplace elements must be considered (see the discussion in Chapter 6~.
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From page 198... ...
Specific Design and Use Guidelines The following design guidelines apply primarily to a VDT workstation at which a person works many hours per day. As discussed in Chapter 6, this work situation probably imposes the most stringent requirements; if they are met, the workstation would also be suitable for occasional use.
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From page 199... ...
, and it should have adjustable seat pan and backrest heights. The angles of the seat pan and backrest should be adjustable relative to each other, and the backrest should also be adjustable front and back with respect to the seat pan.
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From page 200... ...
Job Design and Organizational Variables There are a number of potential healthrelated outcomes associated with psychosocial stressors that may occur with improper
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From page 201... ...
finds that although fatiguelike complaints about the eyes are not alleviated by mandated formal breaks, they are alleviated by informal breaks, that is, time spent not viewing the screen, which may include time spent performing other work tasks. These findings support two major principles in Chapter 8: (1 )
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From page 202... ...
In the many years since most of the research was done, rest periods have been determined more by negotiation than by empirical research. However, it would again be useful to determine, independently for data entry or for more screenintensive work, the curves showing productivity, performance decrements, and optimal rest period timing to attempt to relieve visual discomfort.
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From page 203... ...
For example, it is unlikely that feedback to supervisors about excessive workload can be unilaterally mandated: with only a simple mandate from management, an experienced worker may wisely decide that exercising the feedback option could threaten a possible future pay increase. It is obviously difficult to make specific suggestions about employee management for all possible VDT work situations in which such advice might be applied.
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From page 204... ...
The term includes legally binding specifications, such as the German Safety Standards; specifications written into contracts, such as the U.S. Military Standards 1472B and 1472C; and specifications voluntarily adopted by industry, such as those promulgated by the American National Standards Institute.
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From page 207... ...
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From page 210... ...
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From page 213... ...
Because there are many types of VOT applications, the number and variety of applications are growing rapidly, and there are major differences in VDT workstation operations, different guidelines or standards are likely to be required for significantly different applications and operations. Simplified specifications or guidelines can be misleading and seductively comforting.
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