U.S. Nuclear Engineering Education Status and Prospects (1990) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIXES
APPENDIXES
Pages 85-154
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From page 85... ...
Examine the curriculums used in France, Japan, and other countries, as appropriate, for strengths that might be applicable in the United States. o Recommend appropriate actions to assure that the nation's needs for competent nuclear engineers at both the graduate and undergraduate levels are satisfied over the near and mid-term.
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From page 87... ...
O Lawton Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Florida State University Gregory Choppin has been with the chemistry faculty of Florida State University since 1956, where he is now R
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From page 88... ...
and Consulting Engineer, Kiawah Island, South Carolina Wallace Behnke retired in July 1989 as Vice Chairman of Commonwealth Edison Company. He is currently a consulting engineer and is a registered professional engineer in Illinois.
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From page 89... ...
Department of Energy as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for-Nuclear Energy from 1979 to 1981, during which time he was chairman of the board carrying out a comprehensive assessment of the safety of DOE nuclear reactors. He previously held various technical posts at DOE and its predecessor agencies relating to nuclear energy and naval reactors.
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From page 90... ...
Army Electronics Command in the area of radiation damage to materials and devices. She is a member of the Visiting Committee for the Nuclear Engineering Department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and for the nuclear engineering program at the University of Lowell, and is a fellow of the American Nuclear Society.
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From page 91... ...
He is a member of the Howard University Board of Trustees and many other educational and technical advisory committees, and is a fellow of the American Nuclear Society.
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Woodall Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Larry M Blair Oak Ridge Associated Universities ~3 DOE nuclear engineering research support program Status of and outlook for the nuclear engineering labor markets
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v v PANEL DISCUSSION ON PERSONNEL DEMAND ISSUES Richard J Slember Westinghouse Electric Corporation Robert H
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In nuc. ear engineering Remarks and tour of the nuclear engineering laboratory Fourth Meeting September 7-8, 1989 National Academy of Sciences Washington, D.C.
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From page 97... ...
Census Bureau; Kathy Windier, College Entrance Examination Board; Jacqueline Briel and Chris Karelke, Educational Testing Service; Duveen Shirley, Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Vance Grant, Norman Brandt, and Dennis Carroll, National Center for Education Statistics; Ryohei Kiyose, Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Tokai University, Japan; and Atsyuki Suzuki, Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Tokyo University, Japan. The committee acknowledges with thanks the organizations employing nuclear engineers that responded to its employment survey: Federal Agencies U.S.
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From page 98... ...
98 Defense Nuclear Agency Strategic Defense Initiative Organization Defense Manpower Data Center Institute for Defense Analysis Manufacturers Babcock and Wilcox Company Combustion Engineering General Electric Company Westinghouse Electric Company General Atomics Architect-Engineerinz Firms Bechtel Corporation Sargent & Lundy Engineers Stone & Webster Corporation Ebasco Services Center Engineering Consultants Impell Corporation Quadrex Corporation NUS Corporation EI International Nuclear Assurance Corporation Management Analysis Company Staller Corporation S Levy Laboratories Argonne National Laboratory The committee acknowledges with thanks the following organizations for their responses to its questionnaire on skills needed by nuclear engineers: National Laboratories Argonne National Laboratory Brookhaven National Laboratory Pacific Northwest Laboratory Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories
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From page 99... ...
99 Savannah River Laboratory Westinghouse Hanford Company Government ~ Nuclear Regulatory Commission Utilities Arizona Public Service Duke Power Company Wisconsin Electric Power Company Alabama Power Company Texas Utilities Electric Company Commonwealth Edison Company GPU Nuclear Company Vendors and __ sultants Combustion Engineering Babcock and Wilcox Westinghouse General Electric Tenera Universi~ Nuclear Engineering Department Heads Organization
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From page 101... ...
Part of this model involves an estimate of exit rates of employment. The basis for such estimates is also described in a memorandum to committee consultant William Naughton from Larry Blair of Oak Ridge Associated Universities.
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From page 102... ...
is expected to stabilize under this scenario N1 - No = 54 number of newly committed reactors between T1 and To (onethird passive, 27, + two-thirds evolutionary ALWRs, 27) Best-Estimate Scenario Expansion rates for two periods were considered based on EPRI's estimates of potential contributions of nuclear power to the nation's electrical needs, taking into account an estimated five-year delay in implementation.
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From page 103... ...
is expected to increase under this scenario T1 = 2010, time at which P(t) is expected to stabilize under this scenario N1- No ~ 46, number of newly committed reactors between T' and TO (onethird passive, 23, and two-thirds evolutionary ALWRs, 23)
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From page 104... ...
High-Growth Scenario The high-growth scenario assumes the greatest funding for the above initiatives through the end of this decade, a resumption in 1993 of new orders for civilian nuclear power plants, and new DOE fission/fusion reactor R&D programs beyond those in the current plan. Low-Growth Scenario The low-growth scenario assumes that DOE and DOE contractor nuclear engineering employment will remain unchanged over the study period.
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From page 105... ...
is expected to stabilize under each growth scenario p e 70, the number of nuclear engineers needed in industry per committed reactor (obtained from Table 3-1, 1987 column, less fusion research, weapons development and production, DOD and DOE employees, and DOE contractors, divided by No)
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From page 106... ...
and has been adjusted to avoid bias created by job switching by those who move from nuclear engineering to other fields and vice versa. Derivation of this exit rate is described next in a memorandum received from Larry Blair, Oak Ridge Associated Universities.
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From page 107... ...
TABLE E-3 High-Growth Estimate of DOE and DOE Contractor Employment of Nuclear Engineers, 1987-2010 DOE Sector 1987al99S200020052010 Headquarters -3323493S4361 Field -361424480609 Contractors -3,3214,1814,8886,645 Total 1,6404,0144,9545,7227,615 a Breakdown not available. TABLE E-4 Best Estimate of DOE and DOE Contractor Employment of Nuclear Engineers, 1987 - 2010 DOE Sector 1987a 1995 2000 2005 2010 Headquarters - 308 321 322 325 Field - 284 300 314 333 Contractors - 2,345 2,516 2,592 2,652 Total 1,640 2,937 3,137 3,228 3,310 a Breakdown not available.
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From page 108... ...
Verga, Program Manager, Space Power and Power Conditioning. TABLE E-6 Forecasting Model Results for the High-Growth Scenario Year P(t)
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From page 109... ...
ORAU, over the last six or seven years, has collected related data from Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics published and unpublished information, and we have developed additional data for BS/MS and PhD levels from the National Science Foundation surveys of scientists and engineers data base which we maintain for DOE. We have used these data to develop information on exit rates and percent of job openings
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From page 110... ...
Labor Force Re-Entrants ~ ~I- persons leaving nuclear into nuclear engineering r I engneering positions Figure E-1 Employment. Sources of Labor Supply and Job Openings in Nuclear Engineering
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From page 111... ...
INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING EXIT RATES AND JOB OPENINGS FOR NEW GRADUATES Exit Rate Information Average exit rates for all engineering fields: BS/MS = 6.8% PhD = 7.2% To get turnover rates specific to nuclear engineering, several judgmental factors must be taken into consideration. First, the NSF survey data base we maintain for DOE indicates that nuclear engineers are somewhat older, on average, than all engineers and have a death + retirement rate 1/2 percentage point (0.5% point)
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From page 112... ...
: BS/MS approximately = 3.4% PhD approximately ~ 2.8% As noted above there are factors in the survey data base which appear to cause these estimates to be biased low and therefore, we have simply used the rate of 3.5% for all nuclear engineers in our studies. Actual Rate Used for Replacement Needs Percent for Job Openings for New Graduate Nuclear Engineers BS/MS and PhD approximately = 3.5% Therefore demand for job openings for new graduates is equal to growth plus this replacement percent.
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From page 113... ...
. Unpublished data from the Department of Labor LMB:ajp Bureau of Labor Statistics .
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From page 115... ...
. TABLE F-1 Total Degrees Granted, All Fields, by Degree Level and U.Se Residency Status, 1977 and 1987 Total ~.
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TABLE F-3 Number and Share of Quantitative Degrees Awarded to Nonresident Aliens by Degree Level, 1977 and 1987 Number of Degrees Awarded Degree Level 1977 1987 Percent of Total Degrees Awarded 1977 1987 B.S.
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From page 117... ...
TABLE F-5 Number and Share of Engineering and Nuclear Engineering Degrees Awarded to Nonresident Aliens by Degree Level, 1978 and 1988 Number of Degrees Percent of Total Field and Awarded Degrees Awarded Degree Level1978 1988 1978 1988 Engineering B.S.3,094 5,763 6.7 8.1 M.S.3,579 7,278 22.1 28.4 Ph.D874 2,033 34.0 44.5 Nuclear Engineering B.S.41 21 4.8 4.3 M.S.103 87 21.2 37.5 Ph.D35 56 31.2 49.1 SOURCES: Engineering Manpower Commission (1979-1989) for total engineering, U.S.
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From page 118... ...
TABLE F-7 Total Degrees Granted, All Fields, by Degree Level and Gender, 1977 and 1987a 977 1987 Degree Percent Percent Level Male Female Female Male Female Female M.S./M.A.
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TABLE F-9 Quantitative Degrees Awarded to Women as a Share of Total Degrees Awarded to Women by Degree Level, 1977 and 1987 Quantitative Degrees as Percent of Total Degree Level 1977 1987 B.S.
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From page 120... ...
TABLE Fell Engineering and Nuclear Engineering Degrees Granted, by Degree Level and Gender, 1978 and 1988a 1978 1988 Field and Percent Percent Degree Level Male Female FemaleMaleFemale Female Engineering B.S.
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4 I_ Go red in c)
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122 red CO Cal red ad :^ u · v but U C)
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123 TABLE F-14 Nuclear Engineering Degrees Granted by Degree Level, and Race and Ethnicity, 1978 and 1988 B.S.
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' College Entrance Examination Board (1983-1988)
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SOURCES: Educational Testing Service (1983-1988) , College Entrance Examination Board (1983-1988~.
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From page 126... ...
Citizens Only, 1986-1987 Group Quantitative Verbal Minimum Minimum American Indian 11.5 39.1 Black 3.6 13.6 Mexican American 10.0 28.3 Asian 42.4 43.5 Puerto Rican 7.5 15.2 Other Hispanic 14.9 39.3 White 23.1 55.0 Total 22.1 51.5 SOURCE: Educational Testing Service (1988~. TABLE F-18 Trends in College-Age Cohorts as Shares of Total U.S.
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From page 127... ...
127 TABLE F-19 1980-2010 Trends in Racial and Ethnic College-Age Cohorts, Cohort and Age Cohort Year 14-17 19-24 25-34 White, Non-Hispanic 1980 75.8 77.3 79.3 1985 ~ 74.3 75.2 77.2 1990 71.6 73.3 75.5 1995 70.7 71.3 73.6 2000 68.9 69.9 71.4 2010 65.8 67.2 68.3 Black, Non-Hispanic 1980 14.1 12.9 11.2 1985 14.6 14.4 12.5 1990 15.0 14.7 13.5 1995 15.3 14.9 14.2 2000 16.5 15.3 14.6 2010 17.0 16.6 15.5 Hispanics 1980 7.8 7.5 6.8 1985 8.7 8.2 7.8 1990 10.4 9.3 8.3 1995 10.7 10.6 9.2 2000 11.9 11.2 10.4 2010 13.8 13.0 12.2 Other Minorities 1980 2.3 2.3 2.8 1985 2.9 2.7 3.0 1990 3.6 3.2 3.2 1995 3.9 3.8 3.6 2000 3.4 4.2 4.1 2010 4.2 4.0 4.7 SOURCES: Spencer (1986, 1989~; U.S. Bureau of the Census (1982)
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From page 129... ...
129 TABLE F-21 Course Requirements for Bachelor's Degree Programs in Nuclear Engineering Required Semester_Hours Curriculum Area Minimum Average Maximum Calculus 8 12 20 Differential equations 3 4 6 Advanced mathematics 2 3 15 Introductory physics 6 9 15 Atomic and nuclear physics 0 3 6 Chemistry 3 9 14 Other basic science and mathematics 1 3 6 Computing 2 3 Numerical methods 3 5 9 Statics 1 3 6 Dynamics 1 3 6 Fluid mechanics 2.5 3 ~ Materials 0 3 6 Materials science 2 4 13 Electrical circuits 3 3.5 9 Electronics 0 3 6 Thermodynamics 3 4 8 Heat transfer 0 3 6 Nuclear physics 2 5 7 Reactor physics 3 5 8 Fusion 0 3 4 Radiation detection 0 2.5 5 Radiation effects 0 2.5 3 Health physics 0 2.5 4 System dynamics 0 3 7 Thermal hydraulics 0 3 7 Reactor engineering 3 5 10 SOURCE: Committee survey .
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SOURCE: Committee survey.
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From page 131... ...
131 290 280 270 260 g] a 1 ~250 240 220 86 85 e4 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200S 2010 YEAR 83 O_ typo Q Con O- 80 82 81 79 78 77 76 E]
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132 4.0 3.5 3.0 He o 2.5 2.0 ~ 1.5 m z 1.0 0.5 0.0 1 1 1 6 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 12 14 16 18 CREDIT HOURS FIGURE F-2 The distribution of physics credit hours required for nuclear engineering degrees by several institutions. SOURCE: Committee survey.
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From page 133... ...
1~ 6 a 3 2 1 a I i 1 1 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I 12 14 16 18 20 22 CREDO HOURS 24 26 28 30 FICURE F-3 Ibe distribution of mathematics credit hours required for nuclear engineering degrees by several institutions. SOURCE: Committee survey
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From page 134... ...
8 7 He o He o llJ En 6 5 4 3 2 1 o 134 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 8 10 12 14 CREDIT HOURS FIGURE F-4 The distribution of engineering mechanics credit hours required for nuclear engineering degrees by several institutions. SOURCE: Committee survey
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From page 135... ...
135 8 7 z 6 o ~ 5 In z 4 ILL o fir ~ 3 m 2 1 o 1 .1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 8 10 12 14 CREDIT HOURS J FIGURE F-5 The distribution of nuclear science credit hours required for nuclear engineering degrees by several institutions. SOURCE: Committee survey.
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From page 136... ...
136 7 r 6 can id o 4 o 3 LL m id 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 8 10 CREDIT HOURS 12 14 16 FIGURE F-6 The distribution of materials science credit hours required for nuclear engineering degrees by several institutions. SOURCE: Committee survey .
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From page 137... ...
137 4.0 3.5 is 3.0 o ~ 2.5 E CD 2.0 o ~ 1.5 m Z 1.0 0.5 o ~ 1 1 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 CREDIT HOURS FIGURE F-7 The distribution of humanities and social science credit hours required for nuclear engineering degrees by several institutions SOURCE: Committee survey .
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From page 138... ...
138 80 70 60 111 O 50 LD 40 m He 30 20 10 Seniors Juniors 1 1 ~S 82 84 YEAR 86 88 FIGURE F-8 Undergraduate enrollment of women in nuclear engineering for juniors and seniors, 1982 to 1988. SOURCE: Committee survey.
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. · IL Juniors 1 ~ 1 1 l' -- ' S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 82 84 YEAR 86 88 FIGURE F-9 Undergraduate enrollment of foreign nationals in nuclear engineering for juniors and seniors, 1982-1988.
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From page 140... ...
SOURCE: Committee survey.
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From page 141... ...
141 350 300 250 LL O 200 At CC m 150 100 50 o Doctorate 1 ~ e_ I ~ I Masters 1 1 ~1 1 1 82 84 YEAR 86 88 FIGURE Fell Graduate enrollment of foreign nationals, 1982 to 1988 SOURCE: Committee survey .
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From page 144... ...
The study is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, and the American Nuclear Society.
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From page 145... ...
Employer Number Percent Graduate school Utilities National Laboratories Reactor Vendors Consultants DOE NRC DOE Contractors Military Services Other
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From page 146... ...
Employer Number Percent Utilities National Laboratories Reactor Vendors Consultants DOE NRC DOE Contractors Academic Career Other What special efforts are used to recruit new students to your program? Please identify faculty or department efforts separately from those of student organizations.
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Student Teaching Assts Student Research Assts Technicians Office/Clerical Others Undergraduate Students Graduate Students Expenditure Category Faculty Staff (Clerical) Staff (Technician)
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From page 148... ...
148 Part II: Profile of Present Faculty RESEARCH INTERESTS OF FACULTY Name Highest Rank Age Years Specialty Degree Teaching Research/Consulting Comment on the rank distribution of your faculty Comment on the age distribution of your faculty: . Comment on the strengths and weaknesses of your faculty: Identify special awards received in the last 5 years by members of your faculty: Are there deficiencies in the range of specialties covered by the faculty in your department?
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From page 149... ...
Nuclear Physics Radiation Interaction Reactor Physics Fusion Credit Hrs Lec/Lab Status Req/Elec
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From page 150... ...
Indicate the required number of credit hours of each of the listed areas. Degree Program Mech Engr Elec Engr Civil Engr Indus Engr Aero Engr Matl Sci/Engr Nucl Engr Requirements in Credit Hours Mechanics Thermal Elec.
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From page 151... ...
Graduate Courses in Nuclear Engineering . List in the Course Name of CourseCore/Elective Last Number Year Masters: C/ETaught Course Name of Course Number Doctorate: Core/Elective Last Year C/E Taught
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From page 152... ...
152 Part IV: Research Activities in Nuclear Engineering SUMMARY OF RESEARCH IN NUCLEAR ENGINEERING Name of Research Topic Personnel-FTE Fac. Res Comment on the trend in research.
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From page 153... ...
Be as specific as you can. Please make any comments you may wish to contribute to the deliberations of the Committee on Nuclear Engineering Education of the Energy Engineering Board of the National Research Council.
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