Titanium Past, Present, and Future (1983) / Chapter Skim
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Chapter 9: End Uses of Titanium
Chapter 9: End Uses of Titanium
Pages 101-124
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From page 101... ...
Figure 12 shows comparative tensile strength density data over a range of temperatures. In addition to desirable combinations of mechanical properties, titanium and its alloys are quite corrosion resistant in most common environments and even in some that very aggressively attack most other 101
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From page 102... ...
.~ I._ . _ I ~c~-loo o.umlnum cloy 0 400 800 1200 Temperoture, OF ~ 1 _ Figure 12 Comparison of tensile stength~density ratio f or titanium alloys, three classes of steel, and 2024-T86 aluminum alloy.
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From page 103... ...
. In addition, the thermal stability of selected titanium alloys in preferred heat-treated conditions is outstanding, and the the low thermal-expansion characters attics of titanium per Wit dimensionally stable structures.
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From page 104... ...
[R: -13 80. 10' 60' 10' Life cycle Figure 14 Typical room temperature fatigue characteristics of selected titanium alloys.
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From page 105... ...
\ \ ~ STA = solution treated and aged 33 35 Lorson-Miller Porometcr, P: ~ (20 ~ 1o; I) 1 000 Figure 15 Typical creep and stress rupture behavior of selected titanium alloys.
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From page 106... ...
Percent of Total Mill Products Use Category Source Ad Source B ~ Military aircraft gas turbine engines 47.1 Military airframes 36.2 F~ It tary nonaircraf t uses 10.4 Commercial airframes 6.1 Industrial (corrosion resistant) uses 0.2 a Goodwin 1956.
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From page 107... ...
I'tS 1~" "~, l~d I'AS I't. Figure 16 Titanium industry market prof ile (based on 1968 data)
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From page 108... ...
A later version of the J-57 contained 7 percent of the engine weight in titanium components (about 260 lbs) for the low-pressure compressor stages (discs and blades only)
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From page 109... ...
Ti-6Al-4V alloy was uled for front and rear compressor blades, the front compressor discs, hubs, spacers, and some of the rear compressor discs and spacers. Gas turbine engines for commercial aircraft began in a similar way.
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From page 110... ...
Simmons and Wagner (1970) discuss the development of the front-fan engine in terms of titanium utilizat ion as f allows: The large high-bypass turbofan engines could not have been developed without strong lightweight titanium alloys.
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From page 111... ...
Where the information is available, the approximate purchase weights of the titanium required to make the parts that ultimately fly in the engine are given as are representative airframe model numbers that utilized the engine models listed. Note that the
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From page 112... ...
TABLE 19 Titanium Alloy Utilization for a Typical Modern Fan Jet-Engine Alloy Form Finished - - ~ part weight weight (Ib)
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From page 113... ...
The breakdown of mill product f orms f or the F-14 and F-15 (purchase weights) have been estimated to be (all numbers approximate)
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From page 114... ...
. TABLE 22 Alloys and Fly Weights of Titanium in the L-1011 Alrframe Component s Alloy Fly weight ~(lb)
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From page 115... ...
The estimated titanium purchase weights for airframe construction for some other military aircraft are listed in Table 24. The fly weights are not as readily available as the purchase weights but, where given, indicate a low utilization ratio.
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From page 116... ...
The possible application of the advanced metallurgical processes for producing near net shapes (eege, isothermal forging, isothermal shape rolling, superplastic forming, superplastic forming with diffusion bonding, and powder metallurgy and metal casting techniques) is believed to offer the means for greatly improving the utilization ratio of titanium in constructing airframes.
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From page 117... ...
Titanium pressure bottles (Ti-6Al-4V) were outstandingly successful in the Atlas launch vehicle (about 7S lbs finished weight per bottle)
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From page 118... ...
In the 1970s, titanium alloy again was examined f or use in the suspension system (torsion bars) of military ground vehicles (Scout, an armored personnel carrier)
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From page 119... ...
The titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) buoyancy spheres and the spherical, thick-wall, pressure hull for the deep submersible Alvin vehicle are the most representative hardware items in the DDS category.
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From page 120... ...
. The following list of equipment , more or less using generic terminology ~ illustrates the types of titanium equipment used: 1.
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From page 121... ...
Table 25 shows the percentages of product forms used recently in industrial applications. It is noted that while industrial usage of flat-rolled products is about 86 percent of the total industrial sheet use, flat-rolled products constitute only about 22 percent of the total mill products manufactured.
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From page 122... ...
A third problem, which is somewhat technically oriented, is related to the question of adequate product availability a viewed by the potential user.
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From page 123... ...
Current and Future Usage of Materials in Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines. Defense Metals and Ceramics Information Center Memorandum 245.
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From page 124... ...
A., 1975. The Titanium Industry in the Mid-1970s , Metals and Ceramic Information Center, Report MCIG-75-26 Battelle Memorial Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio.
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