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Titanium Past, Present, and Future (1983) / Chapter Skim
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Chapter 3: Background of the U.S. Titanium Industry
Pages 11-22

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From page 11...
... , academia, and research institutes that selected alloys from the laboratory and pilot-produced and established them ready for production via a multiyear, multimillion dollar program reflecting the national interest.* All this was accompanied by an unprecedented, spontaneous, worldwide research and development effort reported in a continuing series of international symposia held every four years.
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From page 12...
... Its high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, outstanding corrosion rest stance, and other highly desirable attributes originally promised enormous improvements in the performance of aerospace vehicles. This appeal not only exists but is reflected in ever-widening applications.
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From page 13...
... It is important to remember that aerospace requirements continuously have dominated the demand portion of the titanium production and consumption equation. Both the military and civilian sectors provide demand projections but their reliability is questionable for reasons related to military philosophy, national budget, national economic health, airline strength, foreign competition in aircraft, and several other factors.
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From page 14...
... G 14 1950 1955 1 960 1965 1970 1975 1980 Emerging Gas Century Series Turb'ne Powered F 100 A'rcraft F101 FJ2 F 102 B52H FJ3 F104 BS7 Government FJ4 F105 KC135 Overcommitment f3H F106 Manned Aircraft Deemphasized in Favor of Missile Strategy B-58 A-11 Missile Bu ild-up "Titan" YF-1 2A Minuteman I "Polaris" F8 V.N. F8111 F111 RFIII F-14 Post War Retrenchment F-1 5 F-14and F-15 Production Peak B1 Cancelled Reexaminat~on of Military Posture F5 _ 1 11 11 11 F4 XB-70 Series -C D J,K E,M C-141 OV-10 _ I P3 Hel icopters F-16 Development F-18 AWACS B1 Development , - .
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From page 15...
... ROW Materiills Pureh:'sing Program Wide Bodied Lets SST Cancelled Energy Crunch Airline Retrenchment DC-7 DC ~B-707 Design B-720 and Derivatives Convair 880 B-727 DC-9 DC-10 B-2707 (SST) B-737 B-747 B-727 L-101 1 STRETCH Business Jets OC-9 STRETCH Convair 990 B-757 Range resu Its f roan wide-ranging data 1 985 ~ I 1 3 ZO 30 40 Ml LLIONS OF POUNDS Figure 3 Commercial aerospace titanium use.
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From page 16...
... Anodes: Chlorine and chlorates production itydrometallurgical processing (Ni ores) Desalination plants Pulp and paper industry Electric power generation: Surface condensers, turbine blades Chemical and petrochemical production Fossil fue' production (down-hole equipments _ ~._ ~ 0 1 0 20 30 40 MILLIONS OF POUNDS Fissure 4 Industrial sector titanium use.
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From page 17...
... " 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ml LLIONS OF POUNDS Inventory Build-up Figure ~ Titanium mill product shipments (million of pounds)
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From page 18...
... , CRAMET (formed by Crane Company and Republic Steel) , Dow Chemical, Union Carbide, RMI Company ~ originally f armed as Mallory Sharon Titanium Corporation by Mallory and Sharon Steel and later replaced by National Distillers and U
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From page 19...
... Furthermore, the foreign sources increasingly are converting their sponge to ingot or subsequent product stages. This development may further increase the current vulnerability of the nonintegrated melters to foreign sponge shortages.
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From page 20...
... SPONGE MELTERS _ _ . Foreign Sponge | INGOTS CONVERTERS , 1 Castings | | MILL PRODUCTS: __ 1 ~ CONSUM ERS | CONSUMERS I .
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From page 21...
... , the activity was impressive, noteworthy, and unprecedented in terms of outstanding planning, coordination, cooperation, and implementation among a number of government agencies, industrial organizations, academic institutions, and industrial research laboratories. This program was efficient, economical, and productive, and an organized program of similar dimensions may well be an optimum means to explore one or more of the technical opportunities described in Chapter 11 of this report.
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Key Terms

  • sponge producers
  • sponge production
  • nonintegrated melters
  • titanium sponge
  • titanium production

  • incus try
  • rolling program
  • integrated producers
  • airline retrenchment
  • sheet rolling

  • energy crunch
  • electrowinning process
  • continuing series
  • alloy sheet
  • titanium alloy

  • mill product
  • crunch airline
  • structural metal
  • foreign sources
  • foreign sponge

  • production facility
  • american aviation
  • petrochemical production
  • studying virtually
  • understandably tend

  • albany zirconium
  • including forgers
  • itydrometallurgical processing
  • capital investment
  • import tarif


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