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HIV Screening of Pregnant Women and Newborns (1991) / Chapter Skim
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Appndix B: Cost and Probability Assumptions Used in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Prenatal HIV Screening
Pages 129-134

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From page 129...
... All cost figures are estimates of average costs, in 1989 dollars, per person screened. The column SHIV Negative on ELISA Test" shows average costs for individuals screened who are negative on the ELISA and require no confirmatory Western Blot testing.
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From page 130...
... Some will have a negative or indeterminate Western Blot and require further testing with additional blood specimens. The blood donor screening studies cited earlier have shown that about one-third of those testing positive on the first ELISA were persistently positive on the repeat ELISA, and 10 percent were also positive on the Western Blot.
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From page 131...
... Some women who have known risk factors, however, may require specific information concerning risk reduction in their particular circumstances. Counseling for HIV-positive women is assumed to involve intensive pastiest counseling, including information on the risk of transmission, prevention, and health care and reproductive options.
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From page 132...
... This is a severe restriction that tends to underestimate the cost of selective screening and overestimate the cost of universal screening: a. For selective screening, this means that 50 percent of HlV-positive women are identified when only SO percent of the women with risk factors are tested.
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From page 133...
... l N.B.: If the goal is not only to detect the maximum number of HIVpositive women but also to counsel the maximum number of women at risk who are not yet infected, then the assumption concerning the prevalence of risk factors becomes crucial. Depending on that prevalence, universal screening with counseling for all may be advantageous even at a relatively low rate of infection in the region.
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Key Terms

  • selective screening
  • western blot
  • average cost
  • repeat elisa
  • elisa tests

  • regional prevalence
  • blot testing
  • childbearing women
  • blood donor
  • background rate

  • hiv infection
  • individuals screened
  • estimated regional
  • test positive
  • test hiv

  • screening data
  • hiv positive
  • donor screening
  • assumption concerning
  • adequate quality

  • scale occur
  • additional counseling
  • specific information
  • following identity
  • tests run

  • manufacturer discounts
  • health counseling
  • hiv negative
  • women screened
  • minimal marginal


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