HIV Screening of Pregnant Women and Newborns (1991) / Chapter Skim
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2 Describing the Epidemic of HIV Infection and AIDS Among Women and Children in the United States
2 Describing the Epidemic of HIV Infection and AIDS Among Women and Children in the United States
Pages 13-18
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From page 13... ...
1J~ EPIDEMIC OF lIIV INFEC[lON AND AIDS AMONG WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN TlIE UNITI! D STATES As the epidemic of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States continues, the recent shifts in demographic trends and geographic patterns of HIV disease become more pronounced.
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From page 14... ...
Of the 71 percent of female adult cases associated with IV drug use, 51 percent of these women were IV drug users themselves and 20 percent were sexual partners of IV drug users. Overall, 32 percent of women with AIDS reported sexual contact with high-risk male partners (including IV drug users)
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From page 15... ...
The elevated prevalence of infection among STD clinics is not surprising because many of the individuals attending such clinics are likely to have multiple sexual partners and therefore to be at increased risk for infection (Shapiro et al., 1989~. The highest HIV prevalence rates have been found among women who are IV drug users.
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From page 16... ...
In several metropolitan areas along the East Coast, including New York City and Newark, nearly 1 percent of all women delivering infants were HIV positive. This geographic variation in seroprevalence reflects in part the differential distribution of behaviors that place persons at risk for infection for example, the concentration of IV drug use and related risk behaviors (e.g., sexual contact with IV drug users)
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From page 17... ...
In addition, children with AIDS are often members of families in which IV drug use is prevalent. Approximately 60 percent of pediatric AIDS cases reported through September 1990 were associated with IV drug use 42 percent of the cases with maternal drug use and 17 percent with maternal sexual contact with an IV drug user.
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From page 18... ...
-- This figure exceeds the total number of all cases of perinatally acquired AIDS reported from 1981 through 1989. Even if the incidence of perinatal infection remains stable over the next several years, each birth cohort of HIV-infected children will continue to contribute to the number of newly diagnosed AIDS cases for the next several years.
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