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HIV Screening of Pregnant Women and Newborns (1991) / Chapter Skim
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3 Screening for HIV Infection
Pages 19-24

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From page 19...
... to offer counseling to individuals at reproductive risk for producing affected offspring and (2) to conduct research, including enumeration (i.e., surveillances, natural history studies of a disorder, or recruitment of potential subjects for experimental treatment protocols." Additionally, screening for infectious conditions can provide an opportunity to initiate prevention activities that may limit or reduce the spread of infection.
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From page 20...
... Finally, the benefits of identifying and treating individuals early in the course of disease must be carefully weighed against the costs~oth personal (e.g., clinical, psychological, and social ramifications for the individual) and societal (e.g., the actual costs of screening and subsequent medical evaluation and treatment, potential consumption or diversion of resources from other public health or social programs)
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From page 21...
... . TABLE bulb Predictive Value of a Repeatedly Reactive Screening Test for Symptomatic HIV Infection with a Prevalence of Infection in the Population of 20 Percent Actual Condition Totals Predictive Value l Test ResultInfectedNot Infected Number Percent (percent)
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From page 22...
... · Voluntary screening with specific informed consent means that each individual within a defined population is informed that the test is available but that it will be performed only with a person's specific informed consent. Mandatory HIV testing and screening have not been generally implemented in this counter for civilian, noninst~tutionalized populations or populations at risic Such programs have been rejected largely because of the powerful psychological and social impacts (including the threat of discrimination in employment, housing, access tO health care, and insurance, as well as stigmatization and ostracism by friends, family, and others)
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From page 23...
... History has revealed that mandatory screening programs are frequently inflexible, often because they are legislated, and that program modification over time proves difficult. HIV testing and screening policies must be responsive to advances in diagnostic technology, scientific understanding of the disease, and medical therapy.
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Key Terms

  • hiv infection
  • pregnant women
  • screening test
  • hiv screening
  • informed consent

  • specific informed
  • hiv testing
  • repeatedly reactive
  • mandatory screening
  • western blot

  • defined population
  • positive test
  • test result
  • reactive screening
  • elisa test

  • screening programs
  • hiv test
  • voluntary screening
  • voluntary hiv
  • program modification

  • truly positive
  • medical test
  • surveillance purposes
  • committee opposes
  • specific goals

  • negative test
  • mandatory newborn
  • medical practice
  • focus primarily
  • prenatal hiv


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