Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances (1991) / Chapter Skim
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1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Pages 21-28
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From page 21... ...
Numerous industrial chemicals (including trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic chemicals) have been detected in ambient air (Hunt et al., 1986~.
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From page 22... ...
OTS therefore asked the National Research Council to review and evaluate the effectiveness and potential applications of the data collected in the NHMP. The NRC Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology formed the Committee on National Monitoring of Human Tissues to evaluate the NHMP, to provide recommendations regarding its design and utility, and to identify scientific and technical issues that should receive priority attention.
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From page 23... ...
has recommended a research strategy for preventing or reducing environmental risks, including those resulting from chemical pollution (EPA, 1988~. The strategy includes a long-range research program aimed at characterizing the sources, transport, and fate of environmental pollutants; assessment of total environmental exposure with personal monitoring, models, and biologic markers of exposure; and assessment of human health effects of pollutants with biologic markers of disease, extrapolation of animal effects to humans, and epidemiology.
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From page 24... ...
A well-designed national program to monitor toxic chemicals in human tissues is directly relevant to identified research needs and is a necessary component of an anticipatory strategy aimed at early identification of and response to health and environmental problems. Tissue monitoring has valuable attributes if used as one component of an effort to manage environmental quality and to protect public health: ~ Tissue samples reflect exposures accumulated over time.
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From page 25... ...
In citing emerging environmental management issues including the need for multimedia management of toxic chemicals and the apparent disparity between relative health risk and regulatory priorities, EPA has announced new initiatives aimed at broadening the research base for agency planning and developing new programs and at transcending the previous compartmentalized "end-of-the-pipe" approach to environmental management. The new emphasis on human health risk as a unifying focus in regulatory programs for air quality, drinking water, waste management, toxic chemicals, pesticides, ecologic protection, etc., would specifically indicate the ongoing need and value of a national human monitoring program.
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From page 26... ...
GOALS AND POTENTIAL USES OF A NATIONAL PROGRAM TO MONITOR HUMAN TISSUES An ideal national human monitoring program should: · Measure concentrations of known chemical contaminants in human tissues and identify new or previously unrecognized hazards related to chemical substances, especially those attributable to human activities. · Establish trends in body burdens of toxicants that result from changes in manufacture, use, and disposal patterns, and thus monitor the results of programs intended to control specific chemical hazards.
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From page 27... ...
can contribute to quantitative risk assessment of detected agents or of nondetected agents with known analytic detection limits. The comrr~fee finds Bat a program of human tissue mo~utonng is critically necessary to continuing irnprov~nent of understanding of exposure to touac chemicals awl recommends ton suck a program be given high pno~ for funds aru!
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