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Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels (2013) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
Pages 11-14

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From page 11...
... Substantial but uneven progress has been made The co-evolution and co-optimization of ICE and petroleum- on LDV efficiency, and a small but significant penetration of based fuel technology, infrastructure, and markets have hybrid electric vehicles in the marketplace has contributed to proven resilient to challenges from market forces such as this goal. Otherwise little progress has been made on AFVs oil price spikes in a geopolitically complex world oil market in the marketplace beyond the quantities of ethanol still used as well as environmental policies such as tailpipe pollution almost exclusively in gasoline blends.
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From page 12...
... 1.1  APPROACH AND CONTENT The committee determined potential costs and performance levels for the vehicle and fuel options. Because of the To analyze all these issues, the committee constructed great uncertainty in estimating vehicle cost and performance and analyzed various scenarios, combining options under the in 2050, the committee considered two levels, midrange and midrange and optimistic cost and performance levels to see BOX 1.1 Analytical Techniques Used in This Report The committee relied on four models to help form its estimates of future vehicle characteristics, their penetration into the market, and the impact on petroleum consumption and GHG emissions.
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From page 13...
... Chapter 4 discusses factors that will affect con- tax credits for battery vehicles encourage consumers to buy sumer choices in considering which vehicles to purchase, them. Fuel taxes, carbon reduction measures such as carbon and Chapter 5 describes how the scenario modeling was done taxes, and other standards and subsidies also could be used.
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From page 14...
... committee means options such as steadily increasing fuel standards beyond those scheduled for 2025, measures to 1.2 REFERENCES substantially limit the net GHG emissions associated with the production and consumption of LDV fuels, and large- EIA (Energy Information Administration)
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Key Terms

  • renewable fuel
  • ghg reduction
  • fuel economy
  • renewable fuels
  • fuel standards

  • net ghg
  • fuel standard
  • fuel options
  • energy supply
  • electric vehicles

  • light truck
  • alternative fuels
  • oil market
  • reduce ldv
  • vehicle cost

  • world oil
  • market forces
  • corporate average
  • supply sectors
  • performance levels

  • cellulosic biofuels
  • truck standard
  • model developed
  • fuel vehicle
  • average fuel

  • available fuel
  • fuel resources
  • ghg means
  • affecting fuel
  • reduce ghg


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