Next Generation Science Standards For States, By States (2013) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX F: Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards
APPENDIX F: Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards
Pages 382-412
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Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions ence and engineering practices and disciplinary core ideas is stated (for engineering)
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If so, students are doing engineering. Box 3-2 in Framework provides a side-by-side Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 49
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During development of the NGSS, the practices matrix was ing data." The practice of "mathematical and computa- revised several times to reflect improved understanding of how tional thinking" may include some aspects of "analyzing the practices connect with the disciplinary core ideas. and interpreting data." Just as it is important for students to carry out each of the individual practices, it is important for them to see the connections among the eight practices.
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Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 51
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Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 53
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important for them to state the goal of an investigation, predict 54 NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS
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• ollect data to produce data to serve C consider limitations on the precision of • ake observations (firsthand or from M • est two different models of the same T as the basis for evidence to answer the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, media) and/or measurements of a proposed object, tool, or process to scientific questions or to test design time)
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Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 57
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Other applications of mathematics in science and engineering include logic, geometry, and at the highest levels, 58 NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS
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. Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 59
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These is often made in response to a question and in the process of elements include specifying constraints and criteria for answering the question, scientists often design investigations to desired qualities of the solution, developing a design generate data. plan, producing and testing models or prototypes, select ing among alternative design features to optimize the achievement of design criteria, and refining design ideas based on the performance of a prototype or simulation.
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• ptimize performance of a design by O prioritizing criteria, making tradeoffs, testing, revising, and re-testing. Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 61
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Scientists and engineers engage Argumentation is a process for reaching agreements about expla- in argumentation when investigating a phenomenon, testing a nations and design solutions. In science, reasoning and argument design solution, resolving questions about measurements, buildbased on evidence are essential in identifying the best explana- ing data models, and using evidence to evaluate claims.
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effectiveness of a design solution that reflects scientific knowledge and student generated evidence. • valuate competing design solutions to E a real-world problem based on scientific ideas and principles, empirical evidence, and/or logical arguments regarding relevant factors (e.g., economic, societal, environmental, ethical considerations)
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cal text is a fundamental practice of science and engineering, as is the ability to communicate clearly and persuasively. Being a critical consumer of information about science and engineering requires the ability to read or view reports of scientific or 64 NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS
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. Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 65
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. Science and language these practices have contributed to their own development and to for English language learners in relation to Next Generation the accumulation of scientific knowledge and engineering accom- Science Standards and with implications for Common Core State plishments over the ages.
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Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 67
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between systems and their and engineering is to use that represent concrete events or components in the natural and and construct models as design solutions. designed world(s)
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• Develop a simple model based • Develop a diagram or simple • Develop and/or use a model • Develop a complex model that on evidence to represent a physical prototype to convey to generate data to test ideas allows for manipulation and proposed object or tool. a proposed object, tool, or about phenomena in natural testing of a proposed process or process.
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Analyzing and Analyzing data in K–2 builds on Analyzing data in 3–5 builds on Analyzing data in 6–8 builds on Analyzing data in 9–12 builds on Interpreting Data prior experiences and progresses K–2 experiences and progresses K–5 experiences and progresses K–8 experiences and progresses to to collecting, recording, and to introducing quantitative to extending quantitative analysis introducing more detailed statistical sharing observations. approaches to collecting data to investigations, distinguishing analysis, the comparison of data Scientific investigations and conducting multiple trials of between correlation and sets for consistency, and the use qualitative observations.
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trigonometric functions, and computation are to analyze data and compare exponentials and logarithms, and fundamental tools for alternative design solutions. computational tools for statistical representing physical analysis to analyze, represent, and variables and their model data.
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. Constructing Explanations Constructing explanations and Constructing explanations and Constructing explanations and Constructing explanations and and Designing Solutions designing solutions in K–2 designing solutions in 3–5 designing solutions in 6–8 designing solutions in 9–12 builds builds on prior experiences and builds on K–2 experiences and builds on K–5 experiences and on K–8 experiences and progresses progresses to the use of evidence progresses to the use of evidence progresses to include constructing to explanations and designs that The end products of science and ideas in constructing in constructing explanations that explanations and designing are supported by multiple and evidence-based accounts of specify variables that describe solutions supported by multiple independent student-generated are explanations, and the natural phenomena and designing and predict phenomena and in sources of evidence consistent sources of evidence consistent end products of engineering solutions.
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• Optimize performance of a design by prioritizing criteria, making tradeoffs, testing, revising, and re-testing. Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 75
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use argumentation to listen to, compare, and evaluate • Listen actively to arguments • Respectfully provide and • Respectfully provide and • Respectfully provide and/or competing ideas and to indicate agreement or receive critiques from peers receive critiques about one's receive critiques on scientific disagreement based on about a proposed procedure, explanations, procedures, arguments by probing reasoning methods based on merits. evidence and/or to retell the explanation, or model by citing models, and questions by and evidence and challenging main points of the argument.
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question or solve a problem. Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 77
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and through extended discussions. Scientists • Communicate information or • Communicate scientific and/ • Communicate scientific and/ • Communicate scientific and/or and engineers employ design ideas and/or solutions or technical information orally or technical information (e.g., technical information or ideas with others in oral and/or and/or in written formats, about a proposed object, (e.g., about phenomena and/or multiple sources to obtain written forms using models, including various forms of tool, process, system)
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