Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix G-- Technology Solutions for TSU Sensor Missions
Appendix G-- Technology Solutions for TSU Sensor Missions
Pages 175-196
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From page 175... ...
Sensors providing situational awareness yield timely information about current events in the space around the squad, such as the locations of dismounted threats, approaching vehicles, or potential targets within buildings. Force protection sensor technology focuses on providing adequate warning to minimize lethal engagements involving rockets, artillery, mortars, small arms fire, mines, improvised explosive devices, and chemical-biologicalradioactive-nuclear (CBRN)
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From page 176... ...
are the main constraints on materiel solutions and performance achievable by a given sensor technology. For example, weapons location radar may be used at a forward operating base, but for practical reasons (size, weight, power, and deployment)
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From page 177... ...
The ability to seamlessly and effectively combine multisource data into a common picture is advantageous for enhanced situational awareness and force protection. Sensors supporting precision targeting must provide information of sufficient timeliness and quality to meet weapon requirements; typical operator interaction involves prioritizing and confirming targets.
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From page 178... ...
. This requires sensors with well-defined performance characteristics -- such as detecting heartbeats or finding weapons caches with a specified probability -- and robustness across the range of practical operating environments.
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From page 179... ...
TABLE G-1 Squad-Level Sensor Considerations Issue Comments Key Considerations SWAP Limiting operating range and Modular, open approach tied field of view will minimize to strong systems engineering SWAP. Deploying on and detailed training.
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From page 180... ...
is an effective approach to interface systems of varying classification. While systems engineering may have different meanings, in the context of building sensor technology for the decisive squad of the future it points out the process to specify sensor requirements.
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From page 181... ...
within buildings or natural structures or under foliage; Concealed weapons carried on dismounts; and Detection, characterization, and location of emitters. Additional SA missions include navigation in GPS-denied environments and life signs monitoring.
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From page 182... ...
Similarly, IRST sensor technology searches for regions of high emissivity to detect targets and then observes changes in pixel emissivity from frame to frame to estimate vehicle motion. TABLE G-2 Squad-Level Sensor Missions Mission Description Objective Relevant Sensor Technology SA Dismount detection Detect, locate, Radar, SIGINT, and engagement characterize, and monitor FMV, IRST, dismounts in vicinity of WAMI squad SA Vehicle detection Detect, locate, Radar, FMV, and engagement characterize, and monitor IRST, WAMI, vehicles in vicinity of acoustics, squad seismometer SA Through-wall Determine presence of Radar, SIGINT surveillance possible combatants and weapons caches within buildings and structures SA Foliage obscured Determine presence of Radar, LAser target surveillance possible combatants, Detection And weapons, and weapons Ranging caches under foliage (LADAR)
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From page 183... ...
(CIED) emplacements Force Counter-shot/sniper Detect location of small Acoustics, IRST protection, arms fire precision targeting Force Mine detection Detect buried mines Ground protection penetrating radar, HSI/MSI, magnetometer, metal detector Force CBRN agent Detect threatening agents CBRN-tailored protection detection to support evasive actions sensors, remote sensing techniques (radar, EO/IR, HSI/MSI)
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From page 184... ...
Squad applications would likely be for concealed weapons detection at ranges of a few meters to tens of meters. Magnetometers and metal detectors are not likely to have application, since they operate over shorter distances than mmw radar.
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From page 185... ...
; Fire/sniper location; and CBRN and explosives detection. Life signs monitoring and concealed weapons detection fall in both domains, SA and force protection.
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From page 186... ...
Precision Targeting Squad-level precision targeting objectives include the following: Solutions against batteries of rockets, artillery, or mortars; Counterfire solutions against small arms; Vehicle engagement with high probability of kill; and Concealed threat targeting. WLR systems employ target tracks and kinematic models to estimate the location of the hostile fire.
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From page 187... ...
This approach is very common in radar, where system resources are modified to best meet the requirements of each mode -- for example, short dwells and rapid antenna scans for search versus longer dwells and focused antenna beams for refined track and engagement. Summary of Squad-Level Missions Table G-2 summarizes all of the squad-level sensor missions (situational awareness, force protection, and precision targeting)
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From page 188... ...
TABLE G-3 Situational Awareness Sensor Technology Gap Assessment Mission Description Relevant Sensor Technology Gap Technology Assessment SA Dismount detection Radar, SIGINT, Deployment platform, and engagement FMV, IRST, scaling, TCPED, WAMI autonomy SA Vehicle detection Radar, FMV, Deployment platform, and engagement IRST, WAMI, scaling, TCPED, acoustics, autonomy seismometer SA Through-wall Radar, SIGINT Deployment, robustness, surveillance CONOPS SA Foliage obscured Radar, LADAR, Radar aperture size target surveillance SIGINT SA Spectrum SIGINT Obscuration, surveillance deployment, TCPED SA Navigation in GPS- Radiofrequency Multi-transmitter denied environments sensor technology deployment SA, force Concealed weapons Millimeter-wave SWAP protection detection radar, metal detectors, magnetometers SA, force Life signs Millimeter-wave SWAP, deployment, protection monitoring radar, acoustics, CONOPS lasers Dismount and vehicle detection and discrimination capability has been a focus of recent Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) , Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
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From page 189... ...
Obscured target detection has been the focus of a number of developmental efforts, including the aforementioned FORESTER and ARTEMIS programs, the U.S. Air Force Tanks Under Trees effort, and the DARPA-U.S.
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From page 190... ...
Concealed weapons detection technology is currently available. The National Institute of Justice, for example, has invested in handheld mmw technology to image weapons hidden under clothing.
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From page 191... ...
As in the preceding section, squad-level constraints -- specifically, SWAP, mobility, CONOPS, and ease of deployment -- dictate a more pessimistic assessment of the currently available technology. TABLE G-4 Force Protection Sensor Technology Gap Assessment Mission Description Relevant Sensor Technology Gap Technology Assessment SA, Force Concealed weapons Millimeter-wave SWAP protection detection radar, metal detector, magnetometer SA, Force Life signs Millimeter-wave SWAP, deployment, protection monitoring radar, acoustics CONOPS Force Perimeter Radar, acoustics, Solutions currently protection surveillance SIGINT available, reduced SWAP desirable Force CRAM Radar, IRST, SWAP, mobility protection, acoustics precision targeting Force CIED Radar, HSI/MSI, Challenging target protection SIGINT signature, persistence Force Counter-shot/sniper Acoustics, IR Multipath, calibration, protection, SWAP precision targeting 191
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From page 192... ...
Identifying a way to integrate vehicle and dismount detection missions with CRAM is a meaningful objective; APS will likely have to be a unique sensor package tied to a kinetic kill mechanism. Integrated Force Protection Capability (IFPC)
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From page 193... ...
Generally, ground-penetrating radars are vehicle mounted and usually placed in proximity to potential mine locations. Other than vehicle-borne ground-penetrating radar, it is hard to imagine a dismounted Soldier mine detection capability, except for the very dangerous approach that employs metal detectors.
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From page 194... ...
TABLE G-5 Precision Targeting Gap Assessment Mission Description Relevant Sensor Technology Gap Technology Assessment Force CRAM Radar, IRST, SWAP protection, acoustics precision targeting Force Counter-shot/sniper Acoustics, IRST SWAP, deployment, protection, CONOPS precision targeting Precision Vehicle engagement IR, radar, optical Technology available targeting sights Precision Concealed threat EO/IR, radar Specialized sensors targeting targeting imaging coupled with new weapons needed Vehicle engagement at range is presently supported by radiofrequency, EO, and IR seeker technology. Optical sights can be used to support long-range operation.
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From page 195... ...
Scaling SALTI to smaller UASs may be possible. In Table G-5, this technology receives a red assessment, since no autonomous capability is currently available or envisioned.
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