Improving the Assessment of the Proliferation Risk of Nuclear Fuel Cycles (2013) / Chapter Skim
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2 Key Proliferation Policy Questions
2 Key Proliferation Policy Questions
Pages 19-25
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From page 19... ...
These include whether and how to peacefully engage in a nuclear cooperation with a specific country, whether to approve a company's request for an export license, future directions for U.S. nuclear fuel cycle R&D, priorities for nuclear safeguards, and possible changes in regulatory policy.
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From page 20... ...
. To illustrate the role of technical assessments in nonproliferation policy decisions related to the nuclear fuel cycle, we identify questions in three interrelated categories and discuss how technical assessments contribute to answering them.
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From page 21... ...
International guidelines are not mandatory, but they often become the basis for the national export controls that nuclear exporters are required to impose on particular commodities and technologies destined for specific countries. Internationally, the NSG has a particularly important role.7 The NSG is a group of nuclear supplier countries that seeks to hinder if not prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons through the implementation of general "guidelines" for nuclear energy and 7 The Nuclear Suppliers Group is an international, consensus-based group of participating governments (PGs)
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From page 22... ...
will not have a role in development or research into nuclear weapons. For non–nuclear weapon states, the United States has the right to demand the return of transferred items should the country detonate a nuclear device or violate an IAEA safeguards agreement.
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From page 23... ...
The committee notes that the technical assessments requested to support export control policy makers on both international and national decisions must systematically address a set of predefined questions, but do not utilize a formal methodology. Subject matter experts familiar with the commodities and the countries in question perform the analyses and produce reports to document their findings.
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From page 24... ...
In addition to questions about proliferation resistance of future nuclear fuel cycles, policy makers in the United States and internationally continually grapple with questions about how to invest resources effectively to detect and impede proliferation. These issues are important in arguing for new approaches to IAEA safeguards and in determining R&D priorities for "next-generation safeguards," where increasing proliferation resistance of existing fuel cycles whether through intrinsic (inherent to the fuel cycle)
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From page 25... ...
FINDING 1.1: Technical assessments related to aspects of proliferation risk do make valuable contributions to nonproliferation policy decisions on a broad range of topics such as peaceful international nuclear cooperation, export control, nuclear fuel cycle R&D, and nuclear safeguards. However, technical assessments do not fully answer nonproliferation policy questions.
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