Impact of Science and Technology on Regional Economic Development An Assessment of National Policies Regarding Research and Development in the Context of Regional Economic Development (1969) / Chapter Skim
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Pages 81-88
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From page 81... ...
Distributed National Goals for R&D -- such as the development of human resources, the rebuilding of our cities, water resources, and regional environment for living -- in which the programs are characterized by local determinants in the nature of the problems, in the approach to the solutions, and in their anticipated consequences. These goals, while related in many areas, require distinctly different criteria for establishing priorities and means for implementation.
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From page 82... ...
The Committeee has not sought to recommend geographic boundaries or political organizations; however, it views the organization of multiple state and local governments into politically and economically viable units as useful to planning for economic development. For many problems, the precise location of the boundaries is not as important as that the jurisdictional boundaries of regionally oriented organizations or activities coincide.
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From page 83... ...
However, a simple one-way causality does not describe this relationship: one could argue either that the R&D located within it has created a strong regional economy or that an economically vigorous region attracts and supports R&D institutions, or both. That is, there are strong mutually supportive relationships between a region's full development and the success of R&D activities within it.
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From page 84... ...
In addition to product values, research activities have important process values which contribute in a direct way to the mission of the sponsoring institution. The performance of research contributes directly to the educational mission of a university; in industrial or government laboratories, it helps to establish a desired intellectual environment and to provide access to the world's research effort.
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From page 85... ...
R&D Activities Relevant to Regional Economic Development -- Institutional Relationships Major contributions associated with R&D activities may be categorized as follows: Direct contributions to the economy through the development of new and improved products, processes, and techniques which can be manufactured, sold, or utilized by institutions in the region. Contributions to the development of human capabilities and skills; basic and applied research play an important role in education and training.
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From page 86... ...
About 70 percent of the total expenditure for R&D in the United States is in industry, approximately 15 percent in federal laboratories, and the remainder divided between universities and other non-profit institutions; the federal government presently supports somewhat more than half of all industrial R&D. Eighty-five percent of the federally sponsored R&D is carried on in three industry groups that receive a major fraction of R&D funding from federal sources: aircraft and missiles, electrical equipment and communications, and scientific instrumentation.
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From page 87... ...
Mechanisms for the Implementation of Regional or Distributed National Goals in R&D In recent years, there has been a growing recognition that there are national objectives which can not be reached through R&D tailored solely to central national missions. As a result, the nation has assumed additional objectives, for example, institutional development grants for colleges and universities or programs for the encouragement of technology transfer.
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From page 88... ...
Since state boundaries are not the proper regional delineations for the solution of many problems, serious consideration should be given to the formation of new regional compacts or federal-interstate commissions to act as client-sponsors for systems analyses, regional planning, and the implementation of plans. R&D programs aimed at regional economic development viewed as a distributed national objective may best be carried out in two broad categories of R&D institutions -- one oriented toward problems that many regions share in common, the other directed to the problems of separate regions.
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