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THE SUPPLY OF WOMEN DOCTORATES
Pages 19-40

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From page 19... ... Nevertheless, while the ratios have steadily declined for both sexes over the last five years, the ratio for men has declined at a much faster rate. The very low rate of participation in graduate study by women following World War II is largely a result of welldocumented overt sex discrimination practiced for many years in some graduate science departments (see, for example, the essays by Evelyn Fox Keller and Naomi Weisstein in Working it Out) Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... Ph.D.'s No. B.A.'s 7 yrs earlier 3.69% 3.56% 3.34% -3.00% 2.85% Source: Data on Ph.D.'s 1n science and engineering are from the Survey of Earned Doctorates, National Research Council. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... , suggests that more attention be devoted to the recruitment and retention of women graduate students. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... A greater likelihood of being able to combine career and family responsibilities successfully in an independent profession may also contribute substantially to women's heightened interest in these fields. Unless better career prospects in science can be made evident to outstanding women students, they will have little incentive to pursue graduate training. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... Social Scientists by Sex and Marital Status at Doctorate, on Six High School Variables SOURCE: Harmon, 1965, pp. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Figure 2.2 shows that the distinctions are indeed less sharp among the social scientists, with larger ratios of women Ph.D.'s, than among biological scientists. As the number of all Ph.D.'s and the proportion of women Ph.D.'s has increased since the 1959-1962 period, a new study would indicate whether differences in ability patterns have narrowed. Read the entire page →
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From page 27... ... Median not computed for fewer than 20 individuals. Source: Doctorate Records File, National Research Council. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 30.1 Medical Sciences 31.7 30.1 32.0 32.4 Biological Sciences 29.8 29.5 29.4 29.3 Psychology 29.8 29.8 31.1 30.0 Social Sciences, including Psychology 30.9 31.0 32.4 30.7 Median not computed for fewer than 20 individuals reporting age. Source: Doctorate Records File, National Research Council. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... A more detailed comparison of degrees granted in selected individual fields by departments rated highly by Roose-Andersen2 is given in Table 2.7. In the six fields examined, the highest-rated departments produce major fractions of women Ph.D.'s, ranging from about one-third to one-half of the total. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... co vo oo CO ON vO rH rH CM ON iH lO O vO CO OO ON rH rH VO CM rH CM Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... CO oo • 10 CO • CN • 00 CTl rCO o ^r o ro ro ro CN oo r» 3 01 ro ro 00 TT rrH rH rH r~ CN 00 CTi o , CN • p^ • CTl • O • r^ • rH C in vo vO ^* Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 2. Plans for Postdoctoral Study Planning postdoctoral study has traditionally been a measure of high aspirations but may now also reflect realistic assessments of a tight job market. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... TABLE 2.8 Number and Percent of Women Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the Labor Force by Field, 1977 Field of Doctorate Number of Women Percent of Women All Science & Engineering Fields 27,282 9.7 Math/Computer Sciences 1,151 6.9 Physics /Astronomy 646 2.5 Chemistry 2,551 6.1 Earth Sciences 332 3.6 Engineering 231 0.5 Life Sciences Agricultural 261 2.0 Medical 1,018 13.3 Biological 7,742 15.6 Psychology 7,543 23.1 Social Sciences 5,807 14.0 Source: Survey of Doctorate Recipients, National Research Council. The statistics in this table are weighted estimates derived from a sample survey of 65,000 Ph.D.'s in science and engineering. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 1973 1975 N 211,343 242,346 N 18,049 23,188 % 0.9 0.8 % 3.9 % 0.3 0.3 % 0.3 % % 34 a? Mathematics 3.0 0.4 0.5 2.4 1973 12,132 777 1.4 1.9 0.2 A 04 24 1975 14.400 979 OS 1.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.2 Physics/ Astronomy 1973 20,878 453 1.4 6.8 0.6 JO 1.1 84 1975 23,494 546 14 7.3 0.6 0.9 0.8 2.7 Chemistry 1973 34,838 1,837 IA 64 04 0.2 0.8 33 1975 38,481 2.212 0.9 3.7 04 04 0.4 U Earth Sciences 1973 7,066 171 0.7 2.9 0.1 .0 0.6 94 1975 8,278 247 1.0 3.2 0.2 0.4 04 U Engineering 1973 33,872 114 0.8 6.1 0.2 U 04 44 1975 40,183 170 0.7 2.4 0.2 A 0.3 04 Biosciences 1973 50,594 6,071 0.6 44 0.2 04 04 3.2 1975 58,258 7,751 0.7 3.6 0.1 04 04 1.8 Psychology 1973 18,262 4,417 0.7 3.1 0.1 0.2 04 3.8 1975 22,218 6,062 0.6 1.7 0.2 04 04 24 Social Sciences 1973 26,704 3,053 0.7 2.8 0.3 04 0.9 34 1975 32,724 4,415 0.6 34 as 04 04 3.2 Nonsciences 1973 6,851 1,131 0.7 24 .0 A 04 13 1975 4,155 782 0.3 1.2 .0 .0 • 1.0 34 Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... It should be pointed out that answers to a question on marital status may not accurately describe informal arrangements that are now quite common in the graduate student population. It is known that the proportion of married men has been steadily dropping among U.S.-born doctorates in recent years, but not among new women Ph.D.'s (Gilford and Snyder, 1977, p. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... Fields 10,069 67.2 1,691 51.4 Physics & Astronomy 659 60.7 44 68.8 Chemistry 870 62.6 94 52.2 Earth Sciences 457 72.3 31 52.5 Mathematics 489 58.8 73 57.0 Engineering 1,738 67.7 49 66.2 Biological Sciences 1,665 68.2 365 50.1 Medical Sciences 365 72.1 80 48.5 Agriculture 684 79.4 27 42.9 Psychology 1,183 63.0 546 50.5 Social Sciences 3,142 67.2 928 50.7 Source: Survey of Earned Doctorates, National Research Council 36 Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... For example, in the Carnegie survey, married male graduate students were more likely than single males, or single or married females, to list increased earning power as a motive for attending graduate school (Feldman, 1974, p. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... Recommendations Three more detailed studies are recommended to assess the sex distribution in admissions to highly-rated graduate departments, differences in graduate training patterns depending on B.A. origins, and influence of marital status on employment prospects: 1. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... A survey of recent Ph.D. recipients in the biomedical and behavioral fields conducted by the Committee on a Study of National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel of the Commission on Human Resources, National Research Council. Read the entire page →

From page 19...

... Nevertheless, while the ratios have steadily declined for both sexes over the last five years, the ratio for men has declined at a much faster rate. The very low rate of participation in graduate study by women following World War II is largely a result of welldocumented overt sex discrimination practiced for many years in some graduate science departments (see, for example, the essays by Evelyn Fox Keller and Naomi Weisstein in Working it Out)

THE SUPPLY OF WOMEN DOCTORATES Pages 19-40

THE SUPPLY OF WOMEN DOCTORATES
Pages 19-40