New York's Nanotechnology Model Building the Innovation Economy: Summary of a Symposium (2013) / Chapter Skim
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II--PROCEEDINGS
II--PROCEEDINGS
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From page 39... ...
, in Troy, New York, and expressed his pleasure at hosting a symposium on nanotechnology, a topic "of such significance to the Capital District and surrounding communities and businesses." He pointed out that the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the region was a function of successful partnerships among business, education, and government, which "need to work together to make things happen. And we have great evidence that things are happening here in the capital region." First, he said, the New York higher educational system, and particularly its community colleges, have been "workforce development assets and economic engines" for the state, and HVCC itself had been a "powerful provider of on-demand workforce training" since its creation 60 years ago.
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We brought that back and our school of engineering and industrial technologies developed a specific gap certificate that ensures that students at the point of graduation are well matched with the specific workforce needs of GLOBALFOUNDRIES." Other programs, he said, such as the advanced manufacturing program, reach for similar goals by working closely with business and industry. As a result, many students receive job offers and accept employment even before finishing their programs.
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Matonak's welcome of the participants and thanked them "for recognizing this region" as a place he characterized as "one of the hottest hubs in the country, if not in the world, for clean energy, innovation, and job growth." He said that the region is "truly a collaborative at work," and said that his service on the House Energy and Commerce Committee was a "perfect fit" for the district, with its rapidly growing reputation as an innovation leader. "It's important for us to tailor public policy with the work we are doing here and the challenges that present themselves in a very welcoming fashion." He noted that Forbes magazine in 2012 had ranked the Capital District of New York fourth on its list of best cities for jobs, praised its commitment to a green economy, and stated that no other region had more workers employed in "fields with environmental benefits."1 He also said that a Brookings Institution report had ranked the Albany metro region first in the nation in its share of clean-economy jobs.2 "These accolades should not come as a surprise to those of us who have lived here for many years and understand that our workforce, our schools, and colleges, especially our community colleges, are key ingredients to the success that we now taste." He also noted that President Obama had visited the region three times since September 2009, and said that the Administration "recognizes the incredible clustering and collaboration here resulting from unique partnerships between the private sector, New York State government, and the higher education community.
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New York State led the way in promoting and encouraging grass-roots technology investments, versus a more traditional, trickle-down approach of depending on the federal government."
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In terms of workforce development, he said, a sound education must begin at an early age. He said that he had helped to create the region's Tech Valley High School to provide opportunities for science- and technologyminded students, and that the legislation was supported by both Houses, working with the governor.
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, the nation's oldest technological research university, the State University of New York (SUNY) , and the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, which had "broken new ground in what an institution of higher education could do," as well as the strong network of Hudson Valley, Schenectady, and FultonMontgomery Community Colleges.
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PROCEEDINGS 45 He characterized Dr. Manocha as one driver of that success, and "one of leading CEOs in the U.S." who had been named by EE Times to its Top 40 Innovators list.3 Dr.
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Matonak of Hudson Valley Community College for being a "great partner and ally of GLOBALFOUNDRIES" and for "bringing the education, infrastructure, and research to prepare people for the countless jobs that GLOBALFOUNDRIES is creating. Without this kind of flexible program we would not be starting all this." He also thanked Gov.
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From page 47... ...
"This is called a true partnership," he said, "and because of it we have been extremely successful." He also said that Tech Valley itself is effectively a partnership for promoting economic growth, as is the Tech Valley Connection for Education and Jobs, launched by GLOBALFOUNDRIES. "Tech Valley Connection," he said, "is driving President Obama's agenda about developing the workforce and skill sets of people, and driving advanced manufacturing in this country." Dr.
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"Ever since I became CEO of this company," he said, "and had the opportunity to meet President Obama and visit the White House, I have listened very carefully to the national agenda. When I come back and talk to my team, I can tell them that everything we are doing supports that, whether through creating jobs, growth, innovation, economic security, or national security.
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PROCEEDINGS 49 He thanked members of the audience who helped "provide all the innovation required to grow this industry," and promised his commitment to help grow GLOBALFOUNDRIES in Malta, New York, and to support publicprivate partnerships that include community colleges, universities, IBM, CNSE, GE, and others. "And for the next two days," he concluded, "I'm counting on everyone here to work together, because what we learn from one another will further enhance our program and serve this nation."
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"These are the building blocks for our economic growth." Investments in such public goods, he said, do not take place in a vacuum, and the White House National Economic Council increasingly discusses the connection between public funding and promoting more private
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We've put forward proposals for ways it can spur regional economic development." In closing, Mr. Miller noted that what is most important in building a technology cluster such as Albany's is that multiple actors join in solving challenges.
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We often hear that on a level playing field, American workers can out-compete their counterparts, but there are two things wrong with that message. First, there is no level playing field; the rest of the world is tilting it in their favor as far as they can.
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It does so with its own version of an innovation ecosystem, investing substantial amounts in education and research through both federal and state governments. Its new High-Tech Strategy 2020 seeks to create lead markets in Germany, intensify cooperation between science and industry, improve the framework conditions for innovations, and maintain the country's well-established focus on manufacturing.
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AAAS 2012. 12 Sources: OMB R&D data, agency budget justifications, and agency budget documents; Defense R&D = DoD + DoE defense.
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"We are no longer investing in R&D on the scale of our fathers -- or our competitors. Per-student funding for major public research universities has dropped by 20 percent during the past decade.16 At the same time, U.S.
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20 Suzanne Berger et al, Production in the Innovation Economy, Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. 21 National Research Council, Rising to the Challenge: U.S.
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And economic activity and high-value jobs are moving to New York State, including some 2,500 at SUNY Albany, 2,000 at GLOBALFOUNDRIES, and new economic activities in downtown Albany, Schenectady, and Troy.
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A Direct Connection Between Basic Science and Future Value Innovation, he began, has been a consistent theme of the administration since 2009. Early policy statements of the National Economic Council, Office of Management and Budget, and Office of Science and Technology Policy --
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Trade issues, tax and regulatory policies, and workforce development are also "crucially important." Important lessons were learned in all these areas during the semiconductor industry's resurgence in the early 1990s. "The approach by
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The country has many research institutes, for example, but they must be embedded in regional clusters that have complementary assets in workforce training by community colleges; access to small and mid-sized manufacturing firms, assisted by the Manufacturing Extension Program; and regional and state programs that stimulate seed funding. Without this ecosystem, he said, "we're unable to capture the full value of our R&D investment.
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Five agencies, led by the DoE, have received $130 million for five years to support small business manufacturing and training. Last fall nine communities won more modest awards of $2 to $3 million from the Advanced Manufacturing Jobs and Innovation Accelerator program.
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"But really we'd have to say it was successful because it built on the history we already had in the area." In this he included the long-time work of IBM and its leadership in creating the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, as well as its sustained investments in education. He also highlighted the activities of General Electric, which recently began a major new battery technology program at the GE Global Research center in Niskayuna and announced in 2012 that it would invest $70 million to expand its advanced manufacturing plant in Schenectady, adding 450
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From page 63... ...
New investments in R&D, he said, "would depend on the presence of individuals skilled enough to fill those positions." He said that the New York State Department of Labor has projected a 135 percent increase in STEM-related computer electronics manufacturing jobs in the Albany area between 2008 and 2018, which is "driven by the growth in this sector." STEM manufacturing employees earn a median salary of $76,000, he said, which has an important ripple effect through the economy. The Business Council projected 47 million job openings between 2009 and 2018, nearly two-thirds of which will require workers with at least some post-secondary education.
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In the case of IBM, students are treated to a visit to the IMB facility in East Fishkill, New York, to see how chips are made. The company also helps train their teachers, and provides a full-time industry liaison person who helps develop the curriculum.
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We've made some progress on advanced manufacturing R&D, and our focus there is on enabling technologies, which can have a broader impact. The question I have is whether there are good models for how to keep R&D spending up and spend most effectively in supporting development." Dr.
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"There is a much broader impact in having a strong manufacturing sector than the jobs we count within the four walls of a
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We know what these policies are, in terms of trade, taxation, regulation, technology, and workforce development. One could shift those parameters and create a very different story." A questioner asked Dr.
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Russo, the National Academies, and Rensselaer's co-hosts for the symposium: Hudson Valley Community College, GLOBALFOUNDRIES, and the Center for Economic Growth. "We all understand that the success and economic well-being of our citizens are critically dependent on the development and nurturing of an innovation ecosystem," she said.
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From page 69... ...
"Economic benefits derive in the end," she said, "from our graduates' productive lives and from the research and innovation of our faculty and students." She said that Rensselaer has a long history of partnering with New York State, regional organizations, and global corporations such as IBM, Corning, and GE. "We have collaborated with them to build intellectual and physical platforms that have led to fundamental discoveries, attracted large-scale federal research investments, commercialized technologies, and created start-up companies." One visible result of this collaboration, she said, is the Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations (CCNI)
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From page 70... ...
She added that Rensselaer's Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center was one of the six original NSF-funded nanotechnology centers, which also included Cornell and Columbia Universities in New York State. New York matched the Rensselaer funding with half-million-dollar grants through the New 26 The project's website states, "The Molecularium® Project's mission is to expand science literacy and awareness.
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From page 71... ...
"The essence of this success is taking Rensselaer research into new nanomaterials and processes to convert heat into electrical energy in new ways, adding entrepreneurial capabilities, and finding support in the form of a business partnership and seed money -- in this case, help from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) ." She offered this as a model for the National Academies to consider in its recommendations for regional development.
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From page 72... ...
We need to continue helping to grow the local economy and to catalyze growth more broadly. We need to sustain -- even expand -- investments in our innovation ecosystem by preparing students to participate -- that is, developing our human capital -- and building the financial capital and physical infrastructures that are needed for the opportunities and challenges we face.
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From page 73... ...
So for all the talk of the decline of the industrial Northeast, it's worth bearing in mind that this is after all the Empire State and empires tend to last a long time." He encouraged the panelists to highlight the growth of the nanotechnology cluster in the greater capital region, exploring "how it has come about, what may lie ahead, and whether this experience can be replicated in other areas and disciplines." Before introducing Dr. Killeen, he recalled his own experience in the history of the region that is now referred to as "Tech Valley." One afternoon about a dozen years ago, he said, "we were discussing what to put on the front page of the next day's newspaper.
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The college itself, he said, is all about driving innovation and an economic renaissance in New York State. It has hundreds of industry partners,
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It sets up the affiliated corporations, notably one that supports real estate development at CNSE. This corporation helps companies by developing infrastructure, leasing space, assuming risks of long-term leases, managing licenses, and guaranteeing loans for key instrumentation.
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"All of this is the innovation system that is rooted in academic institutions with entrepreneurial flair, with early career scientists and students involved, high school students, strong major partnerships with big-time industry, and open doors to other components of the industrial spectrum." The innovation ecosystem, Dr. Killeen agreed with Dr.
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From page 77... ...
manufacturing, outside the aerospace industry. Between 2010 and 2011 the workforce in semiconductors grew by 3.7 percent, compared to a general growth rate or 1.2 percent.27 More locally, he said, the New York State region has become the global headquarters of semiconductor industry, for a variety of reasons.
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You don't get up every day and hear that a private company will make a $2 billion investment on top of an even larger investment already made." As an aside, he said that Empire State Development had just had its busiest year ever in terms of project volume, largely because regional councils requested "more work that we would normally get." Empire did 243 incentive 28 New York State Department of Labor.
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"We're always seeking high leverage to make sure investments produce quantifiable, testable job retention and creation. And we want those jobs to be in industries that will be sustainable, not continual reinvestment to become competitive." Outcomes of Investment in R&D In summary, he said, the total effort in and around Albany has led to leadership in semiconductors and nanotechnology, high average wages, good transferability of skills, and very large, though difficult to document, ecosystem and supply chain growth.
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We'll play an active role, under the Governor's leadership, in advancing all of this." PIONEERING INNOVATION TO DRIVE AN EDUCATIONAL AND ECONOMIC RENAISSANCE IN NEW YORK STATE Pradeep Haldar Head of Nanoeconomics Constellation College of Nanoscale Science & Engineering The State University of New York at Albany Dr. Haldar said that he had moved to Albany from Boston 25 years ago, when Albany was so remote he had to drive all the way back to Boston on weekends to find "a good ethnic restaurant." A decade later, when Alain Kaloyeros sought his help in a bold plan "to build the Capital District into a nanotechnology and semiconductor powerhouse," he thought there must be some mistake.
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From page 81... ...
The new Tech Valley High School will soon be located on the campus. "It's all a pipeline," he said, "to make sure we're educating the next generation of people who are going to be needed." Moving Research into the Development Phase Another unusual feature of CNSE is its emphasis on moving research accomplishments through the development process.
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"We have partners who are from research, supply chain, equipment manufacturers, and the cell and module manufacturers. In the middle we have PVMC at the college that brings all these partners together." CNSE is also focusing a major effort on entrepreneurial activity and the innovation ecosystem.
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"We want them to start to build their business here in New York State. As they meet key milestones we'll be giving them the award money they won." Dr.
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This trend gave rise to the birth of the fabless business model, where companies make their own chips without owning a fab. When Morris Chang founded the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (TSMC)
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From page 85... ...
Worldwide we have more than 160 customers, over 13,000 employees, about 6,000 patents, and capital expenditures through 2012 of about $11 billion." Mr. Russo elaborated on the importance of having a wide global footprint and diversified supply chain today.
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From page 86... ...
Today, a great many of the world's leading supply chain firms were present, including manufacturers such as Samsung, M+W Group, and ST Microelectronics; equipment suppliers, including ASML, Applied Materials, Lam Research, KLA Tenco, and Tokyo Electron; and materials suppliers, including Air Liquide, Air Products, ATMI, AZ Electronic Materials, Dow, FujiFilm, JSR Micro, Matheson Tri-Gas, and ShinEtsu. The GLOBALFOUNDRIES fab itself, based on current projects underway, represents a capital expenditure of $8.5 billion.
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From page 87... ...
"We have seen In New York State a real collaborative effort from top to bottom," he said. "The state made the strategic decision as long ago as the mid-1990s to invest in this sector, led by thenGovernor Mario Cuomo and State Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver." The original investments led to development of CNSE, and under Gov.
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From page 88... ...
, which was "the nation's largest education initiative of its kind in the country." It covers 13 counties -- about onefifth the area of New York State -- and extends from pre-K through higher education. "It is basically a very large-scale laboratory to try out the most
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From page 89... ...
Among problems they identified were fewer shop courses and other ways for "young kids working at real projects to get their hands dirty." Accordingly, the Tech Valley Connection started work on an advanced manufacturing pathway offering to students on an early college high school path, leveraging the trade schools and high schools, as well as traditional math and science high school education. This program will emphasize analytical skills, problem solving, statistics, process control, hydraulics, pneumatics, and the "soft skills" needed to hold a demanding job.
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From page 90... ...
Our policy makers in Washington need to understand that if you're going to invest $10 billion or more, you need clarity on what kinds of policies to expect year to year, over the long haul." Federal policies in particular, he said, are key to an industry's survival, including EPA rules and regulations, export control reform, government research funding and technology programs, corporate tax reforms, immigration reform, education reform, and infrastructure. The semiconductor industry depends especially on a complex infrastructure and low utility rates, an area where firms in the U.S.
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From page 91... ...
Patton began with a personal reflection about the importance of education, and the reasons for his own move to New York State 27 years ago when he took a job with IBM and moved his family to the Hudson Valley from California. He shared that he was motivated by the opportunity to work on cutting edge technology at IBM and the recognition that the Hudson Valley was a great place to raise a family.
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From page 92... ...
The price of a transistor has improved since 1980 by about five orders of magnitude, while the consumption of IC transistors has gone up by about six orders of magnitude." Recent Semiconductor History He then offered a thumbnail sketch of recent semiconductor history. The curves of improvement, he emphasized, are not continuous.
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We came to the conclusion that it is not only about collaborating between process companies, like GLOBALFOUNDRIES and IBM; it's collaboration with the equipment suppliers and materials suppliers. And all of them are now moving to the Albany NanoTech complex.
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From page 94... ...
Think about the semiconductor industry here in the Hudson Valley, and the potential to spawn many more companies and industries." He also reviewed IBM's leadership in helping New York State realize the potential of its role in the semiconductor industry. IBM's long history of investment and innovation in the Hudson Valley created the foundation for a facility such as the Albany NanoTech complex, which is now a pathfinder for the global industry's move to 450mm wafer capability.
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He noted that Samsung -- a potential competitor -- is a significant investor in the alliance. GROWING THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY IN NEW YORK: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Daniel Armbrust President and CEO SEMATECH Mr.
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Patton in developing IBM innovations and moving them into manufacturing, "which is a really difficult task." After that he joined SEMATECH, whose story, he said, was "relevant to the regional story and what we're to become." The Virtuous Cycle of the Semiconductor Business Collaboration has many benefits, he began, but ultimately it is driven by economics. Over the last 50 years, the semiconductor industry had moved through a virtuous cycle, he said.
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' The answer is, for most difficult problems, the industry has to find ways to work together in partnership to solve these problems. For this reason, we're quite proud that many forms of collaboration have developed in the semiconductor industry.
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It then expanded its membership to include supply chain companies. Most recently it has entered into a partnership with CNSE to form PVMC, the U.S.
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They receive the results of SEMATECH's R&D work, take it back to their labs, and optimize it, usually individually. In addition, SEMATECH today has extended more deeply into the supply chains of equipment, materials, and fabless packaging.
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"The semiconductor industry is critical to the global economy, enabling the technologies the world depends on. It is where investments become useful and re-used to fund other innovative industries." In addition, he said, the supply chain is "extremely challenged" in shouldering their portion of the R&D burden.
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First, an important strategy is one that is focused on the long term, and a willingness to create opportunities for other companies to come here and lower their own costs by sharing infrastructure. "SEMATECH has benefited enormously by the consistent support of New York State, and by being a partner with many people in this room." Second, he said, over the next five years, more of the supply chain will migrate to the region and be part of the growth story.
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It's time to double down. We have strengths, but we need to continue to invest in those strengths, so that 10 years from now you'll read every day about a new startup, a new spinoff, more venture capital, and jobs.
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"With each major transformation of technology we see their role expanding," he said, "and certainly we heard this morning about how the collaborations formed from technological opportunity, and economic pressure brings opportunity for even further innovation." An interesting development, he said, is more collaborations not only within industry but between academic institutions and clusters of companies. Still, at present only about 5 percent of university basic research is supported by industry, so there is a "huge challenge" in bringing the two sectors more closely together.
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And I have learned that the goodness of SUNY grows out of its diversity. It is community colleges, technical colleges, baccalaureate colleges, doctoral institutions, medical schools, and a host of applied medical fields." The ‘Audacious Goal' of Being an Economic Engine Now that SUNY is in place, and has such size and diversity, how can it best be used?
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We finally have a map that stands still and lets us invest where we grow." On the map is each SUNY campus, each center of advanced technology, small and medium-sized business centers, innovation clusters, and incubators, "all of which we are trying to knit together for their collective impact on the state's economy." Also on the map are innovation hubs that can radiate research, discovery, "innovation just in time," and application to drive economic development. In the Capital Region are six SUNY campuses with total enrollment of 78,000, working collaboratively, "a powerful way to approach development." The Goal of Being a ‘Thought Leader' Dr.
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We are entering online education so we can offer adults an online degree in a critical work area when they have some education but not a degree." Dr. Zimpher closed with what she termed her favorite quote, from David Leonhart of The New York Times: "Educating more people, and educating them better, is simply the best bet any society can make." BUILDING INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE: THE ROLE OF EDA Thomas Guevara Deputy Assistant Secretary for Regional Affairs Economic Development Administration U.S.
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In today's economy you have to learn to trust people you just met. Universities do a great job at this; we try to get them to teach communities how to do this better." A Nonlinear Feedback Model of Innovation He showed a chart supporting a nonlinear feedback model of innovation.
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Examples of general purpose technologies are steam engine, electricity (developed in the Albany region) , computers and Internet, biotechnology, laser technology, and, more recently, nanotechnology.
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Siegel noted that several recommendations emerge from these academic studies. One is that an emphasis on entrepreneurship on campus is likely to have a greater impact on regional economic development than an emphasis on patenting and licensing.
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The School of Business also organizes the New York State student business plan competition, which was is now the fifth-largest student competition in the country, awarding $500,000 in prizes to more than 50 colleges and universities in 10 separate regional events. (The four larger competitions are organized by private universities, such as MIT, Stanford, and Rice, with much larger endowments than the University at Albany.
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From page 111... ...
He noted that 37 community colleges throughout the state are part of SUNY, equaling "half its institutions and half our students." In terms of the "educational pipeline," he said, and the training of human capital, community colleges are critical. "Many students are not college prepared," he said.
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The community colleges can do this only by working with the school districts, business and industry, and collaboration and support from the state and federal governments. We need to leverage all our strengths to drive the economy in the Capital District.
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However, he said that he wanted to be sure his audience understood the central role of Dr. Kaloyeros in developing the Albany "high-tech corridor," and specifically the College for Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE)
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From page 114... ...
A primary partner of CNSE, he said, is SUNY. He repeated the words of SUNY Chancellor Zimpher from earlier in the conference: CNSE is one result of "establishing SUNY as a key engine for the revitalization of New York State's economy and a catalyst for enhancing the quality of life for the state's citizens." A key partner in allowing the college to play that role, he said, is the SUNY Research Foundation.
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Part of the expansion planned for 2013 will include a relocation of Tech Valley High. CNSE PARTNERSHIPS: ‘A REAL STRENGTH' CNSE has partnerships with many companies, including device companies, equipment suppliers, and materials suppliers.
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The college also installed unique, expensive infrastructure to enable an open innovation ecosystem. With that infrastructure the college is able to support not only short-term manufacturing challenges, but to involve the supply chain in the development phase, and to catalyze consortia-based activity that focuses on path finding for long-term research.
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Those grants do not go to companies, but to the college to support the companies. "I would envision that New York State would replicate that model, and that the investment would be given to a public steward to manage implementation.
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The college did not invent the semiconductor industry. It was thousands of companies making baby steps every day to ensure that our chips never fail when we turn on that phone.
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Mr. Murray, the president and CEO of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)
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It helps identify ways of reducing the energy footprint and lowering the cost of business. It helps companies expand or locate in New York State.
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Through partnerships, universities, national labs, and businesses, we're able to continue. For example, the PV Manufacturing Consortium (PVMC)
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The week before the symposium, the DoE and the State of Tennessee had launched the Clean Energy Manufacturing Initiative at Oak Ridge's Carbon Fiber Technology Development Facility. "This is where a national lab and a local university can partner to develop new, cheaper ways to manufacture carbon fiber, two to 10 times cheaper.
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The objective was to gather ideas at the regional level about the best opportunities for the Clean Energy Manufacturing Initiative. UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS FOR NEXT GENERATION MANUFACTURING John Wen Director Center for Automation Technologies and Systems Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Dr.
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At the same time, the industry partner is looking at the relevance, a longer-range opportunity, new tools, and new IP." He gave several examples of this approach. The first is a fuel cell to provide clean energy.
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We also have obtained additional NSF grants because of this relationship, which now leads us to a number of new companies, such as Ecovative Design and Vistex, startup companies by RPI students." Difficult Challenges: IP, Continuity, Culture Based on this expedience, he said he had observed a number of challenges. Number one is control of IP, and number two maintaining continuity, which he called "extremely challenging." Number three is the difficulty of reconciling the different timelines of academia and industry, and number four is how to build multidisciplinary teams.
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"We need to avoid a zero-sum mentality in these projects." Finally, to close the loop or cycle, the best mechanism is "small successes. These lead to strong and sustained buyin, and then the fulfillment of big vision." LESSONS LEARNED TO DATE IN THE NEW ‘TECH VALLEY' F
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From page 127... ...
Gov. Cuomo's Regional Economic Development Council, he said, has developed a new way of doing business in New York State, an up-from-theground process whereby each of the 10 regions around the state develops a strategic plan, and the state then looks to each of the plans to decide how to support them.
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From page 128... ...
This includes not only large companies, but the many small and medium-sized companies. We work closely with the Chief Executive's Network for Manufacturing, a group of 75 SMEs in the region, as well as with the Manufacturing Association of New York State to provide opportunities for owners and management teams and to advocate with both the state and federal governments on opportunities for their members.
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From page 129... ...
In addition, GE had just announced a new center in Oklahoma that would focus on oil and gas -- "obviously driven by the shale gas explosion." GE has a long tradition of innovation, he said, from the incandescent lamp in 1879 to the new Durathon battery recently developed at the Global Research Center. He called the battery a "sign of how innovation and manufacturing can really help a region.
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From page 130... ...
We need to get from the old linear supply chain to a much more interactive circle. You can't just design something you hope will work, select the material, and throw it over the wall; this is the compartmentalized model companies have employed for a long time.
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From page 131... ...
"You start at the top, with the correct design and engineering, and going around to manufacturing engineering, where they design the machines and the layout of the factory; from there you go to supply chain execution where you make the stuff, and then back to services. You want to be able to trace the data all the way from design to manufacturing engineering to manufacturing execution -- and back.
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From page 132... ...
Biller ended with a tribute which had been articulated by others as well. "For us," he said, "it's very important to support the capital region.
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INNOVATION IN CANCER RESEARCH: THE NANOTECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITY Larry Nagahara Director, Office of Physical Sciences -- Oncology Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives National Cancer Institute Dr. Nagahara said that his own career was unusual in combining experience in the fields of both semiconductors and the life sciences.
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It funds 12 research teams, each led by two scientists -- one from the physical sciences (physics, chemistry, engineering) and one from the biomedical sciences (in this case, oncology or cancer biology)
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From page 135... ...
When he was doing research at Motorola, he said, the "mantra of the cell phone industry was that smaller was better, and that's all you did. People didn't want to carry around a telephone that weighed as much as a brick and cost $4,000." By the time he left, Motorola had begun selling its much smaller series of cell phones called the Razr, which became the best-selling "clamshell" design on the market.
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From page 136... ...
They are designing multi-stage vectors, little vehicles that are pores in silicon carrying imaging agents or therapeutics to the cancer cells. This is an example of using advanced manufacturing techniques in biomedicine." He also gave the example of a dye.
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We can also predict single words or word components before they're uttered." This is done with the assistance of a general-purpose software developed by his group called BCI 2000, which is used in some 2,000 laboratories around the world.37 Mapping Brain Activity and Decoding Intentions The basic technology for mapping brain activity has not changed for three decades, he said. The general technique has been to place several dozen probes on the surface of the scalp, a bulky system of individually wired electrodes.
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Dordick Vice President for Research Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Before 2010, Dr. Dordick said, biotechnology had been an enabling discipline for both materials science as a whole, and nanotechnology as a component of that.
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"So we don't have a model for biotech like the one used by the semiconductor industry. A result is that one of our most important industries, the pharmaceutical industry, is in dire straits -- spending unprecedented amounts of money and time to discover new drugs.
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When we understand the inside, we'll be able to process biological-material hybrid systems and manufacture them in ways that parallel what is done in microelectronics." This work on the missing inside has been a major focus at RPI, he said. Over the last 10 years, the NSF funded Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center has built up a better understanding of to manufacture functional materials.
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When MRSA bacteria hit the paint, they stick and die. We can do this with Listeria, too, which is a major pathogen in the food industry, and also with bacillus spores." ‘The Pharmaceutical Industry Has Critical Problems' Given the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry, he said, the outlook for new drug development is uncertain.
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"You heard yesterday about our supercomputer, which we will expect by the end of this year will rank among the top in university-run computational facilities. Our biotech center, which is where my research resides, was supported by RPI in terms of the building, but much of the equipment was funded by New York State, and most recently our stem cell research center was supported by NYSTEM, the New York State Stem Cell Science program.
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Given that background, he said, he had been asked to consider whether a collaborative research model can be built for the pharmaceutical industry that is similar to those emerging in nanotechnology, semiconductors, and biotechnology. He said that "the short answer is yes," but offered several trends that are likely to give shape to a new model.
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"The models for pharma are very different from those in the semiconductor industry. In semiconductors we have a great history of showing that it can be done, and now it needs to be solved for pharma." The second barrier, he said, is how to merge the microelectronics technologies that already exist into pharmaceutical discovery and therapy.
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We also know that more has to be done to build the educated workforce we need. Some of us are part of the $15 million federal grant to support a consortium of all 30 community colleges in advanced manufacturing.
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Governments around the world see the value of the semiconductor industry, and make an effort to recruit companies. A third point, she said, is that the role of government and its decision making are very important.
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innovations are likely to be developed and commercialized by other countries, which has been the case for many years. "The assumption that what's invented here gets made here has evaporated." Mike Russo of GLOBALFOUNDRIES said that the speakers had been effective in characterizing the Albany cluster and the spirit of its activities.
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Wessner concluded the symposium by agreeing that "we have some people committed to working very hard to make that happen." He thanked the participants, and "all the people who made this meeting work, and also Alexis de Tocqueville, "who wrote about the ability of Americans to self-assemble and cooperate." He complimented Mike Russo of GLOBALFOUNDRIES for not simply "identifying problems, but for working out solutions." As for leaders of the regional effort around Albany, he suggested that their task "is not over," and that they are just "getting into the low hills of what is possible to do once you reach the mountain." But he was also effusive in his praise for the collaborators. "One thing that fascinates us at the National Academies is that you did this on your own, at the local, state, regional, and corporate levels, and that's why we're here from Washington.
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Key Terms
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