Cooperation and Competition on the Path to Fusion Energy A Report (1984) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX D: SUMMARY OF TRIP TO EUROPE
APPENDIX D: SUMMARY OF TRIP TO EUROPE
Pages 113-124
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From page 113... ...
the Embassy of the United States. The group then visited the Joint European Torus and Culham Laboratory of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, both near Abingdon, in Oxfordshire, England.
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From page 114... ...
Eric Willis, Director, Office of Energy Research, Development, and Technology Applications, International Energy Agency, Paris Meeting with Dr.
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From page 115... ...
o Promising institutional forms for large cooperative projects go more toward the Joint European Torus model than toward the International Energy Agency model. With regard to the fuller discussion that follows, recall that the European program is administered at the level of the Commission of the European Communities.
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From page 116... ...
The flagship of the program is the large Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak (about twice the volume of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor)
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From page 117... ...
These views imply a descending level of incentive for fusion in Japan, the EC, and the United States and correspondingly different levels of effort. There was little evidence of any French purpose or objective that will provide an incentive for more than incidental international cooperation in fusion beyond the EC program.
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From page 118... ...
The Influence of the Versailles Summit The stated aim of the Summit Working Group in Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion is "to reach a consensus on the desirable strategy in fusion in order to facilitate early joint planning to coordinate individual development programs." Thus, by pushing for a world strategy to which all can agree, the meeting of the Summit of Industrialized Nations at Versailles in l982, together with subsequent meetings, constitutes an external force toward cooperation. A German official was sympathetic with Summit guidance for joint planning of sequential (or phased)
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From page 119... ...
states, "The Commission is convinced that international collaboration on fusion research and development is particularly desirable." At the political level of the Summit of Industrialized Nations, which includes the EC, science advisors to their respective governments have endorsed international scientific cooperation (Science, l983; Science, l984)
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From page 120... ...
o All three entities prefer to place primary reliance on their own programs, subject, however, to joint planning of scientific and technical developments. o Two or three of the entities desire to establish international relations that have a high degree of interdependence.
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From page 121... ...
By contrast, the Summit Working Group recommends that parties "review the advantages and disadvantages of one single comprehensive project versus several interdependent, complementary, and partially sequential machines." French officials were cool to the concept of TFCX. They perceived TFCX as more a matter of political expediency to maintain U.S.
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From page 122... ...
A French official noted that, whatever the institutional entity, international agreement lends a project an extra degree of stability, protecting the project against budget fluctuations. The effect may be due to the perceived importance of the existence of an agreement.
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From page 123... ...
Participation in JET by an additional country, say the United States, would be possible upon approval by the Director of the Project, the JET Council, and the Council of the European Communities. Joint Planning for Increased Cooperation The United States might well consider fusion in a larger context of cooperation in science and technology, so as to match the EC science structure better.
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From page 124... ...
However, what is lacking now is an international joint planning team to consider concepts for TFCX or equivalent, NET, and the Fusion Experimental Reactor proposed by Japan and how these machines might be modified to give optimum phased advances. German officials thought that joint planning would be feasible only for the period from l988 onward, since plans until l988 are rather firm.
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