Medically Assisted Conception An Agenda for Research : Report of a Study (1989) / Chapter Skim
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BARRIERS TO PROGRESS IN IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER
BARRIERS TO PROGRESS IN IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER
Pages 66-85
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From page 66... ...
. However, the proportion of women entering treatment who attain a live birth is far lower -- only 8.9 percent of oocyte retrievals ended in live birth (Journal of the American Medical Association, 1988a)
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From page 67... ...
Brief note is made some of the ethical issues that are raised by the practice of in vitro fertilization, and the history of federal involvement in considerations of human fetal research is described. Some nations have examined the ethical questions and have issued guidelines or regulations.
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From page 68... ...
This resulted fiuii growing concern about fetal or embryo research, which in turn stemmed from a concern about federal funding of research involving human subjects. Policy concerning research on human subjects had been slowly evolving since the 1960s.
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From page 69... ...
In 1975, CHEW issued regulations based on the findings of the commission. These regulations prohibited federally funded research unless the risk to the embryo was no greater than "those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests," or for therapeutic purposes (cited in Association of American Medical Colleges, 1988)
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From page 70... ...
Domestic and Foreign Decisions on Embryo Research The two professional societies in the United States that represent the physicians most involved in human IVFET have considered ethical questions about the practice of IVFET and embryo research. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (AGOG)
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From page 71... ...
also issued a report in 1986. This document notes eight technologies that the AFS Ethics Ocnmittee found ethically acceptable, including basic IVFET, the use of donor eggs, and the use of frozen sperm.
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In sum, numerous groups have wrestled with questions related to the ethical problems of human embryo or fetal reseai-ch. Some have based their conclusions on religious tenets, some on an interpretation of scientific knowledge, some on a mixture of both.
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E m 0 0 CO ill Jo 0 m •H CO CM I O 0H*
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From page 76... ...
C South Australia, Report of the working Party on In Vitro Fertilization and Artificial Insemination by Donor (January 1984 D
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From page 77... ...
2. Report on Research Involving Human Embryos In Vitro and Ethics Committee II)
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From page 78... ...
lack of mechanisms for communication within the reproductive research community among basic scientists, clinicians, and animal husbandry scientists; 4) fear of abuses of reproductive technologies; 5)
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From page 79... ...
of the National Institutes of Health provides the major portion of federal support of human reproductive iceearch. Approximately $100 million per year, one third of the budget of NICHD, is spent in the reproductive sciences branch of NICHD on contracts and grants to academic centers and to the NIH centers for reproductive biology.
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Societal den Ihe fear of abuses of reproductive technologies, the seeming lack of societal sympathy and understanding of the problems experienced by infertile couples, and the lack of a cohesive public interest support group are to some extent related phenomena.
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However, coverage is available for many parts of the IVFET workup (Office of Technology Assessment, 1988)
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An example of this is investigation of reasons for the developmental failure of human embryos, and cryopreservation of human eggs and zygotes. Preservation of human tissue by freezing allows excess zygotes to be thawed for use at a later time.
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From page 83... ...
lack of mechanisms for resolving such disagreements has inhibited progress in the necessary debate that must precede the development of policies. It is raging that Congress has established the Bionedical Ethics Boards, and that the executive branch of government is taking steps to reactivate the Ethics Advisory Board.
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From page 84... ...
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, National Institutes of Health.
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From page 85... ...
U.S. Department of Health and Hunan Services, Public Health Service, national Institutes of Health.
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