Medically Assisted Conception An Agenda for Research : Report of a Study (1989) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Pages 1-14
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 1... ...
An Institute of Medicine committee was appointed to examine the basic science foundations of medically assisted conception, to develop an agenda for basic science research that would contribute to advances in the clinical and agricultural practice of IVFET, to suggest animal systems that provide useful models for specific research areas, to identify ways of diminishing barriers to progress, and to recommend ways of bringing together the veterinary and human reproductive research workers. The centerpiece of the study was a workshop at which clinicians and investigators reviewed the status of assisted conception and the related basic research in humans and animals, and suggested productive areas for future research.
|
From page 2... ...
Numerous infertility treatments exist, including education to give couples sufficient knowledge of reproductive biology, surgical repair, artificial insemination, and the use of drugs to induce ovulation. Two major new technologies are IVFET and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
|
From page 3... ...
. But, the proportion of women entering treatment who attain a live birth is far lower -- only 8.9 percent of oocyte retrievals ended in live birth (Journal of the American Medical Association, 1988)
|
From page 4... ...
The Federal Government and Embryo Research Policy roncerning research on human subjects has been slowly evolving since the 1960s. A study group was convened at NIH to develop guidelines, and a National Advisory Commission on Health Science and Society was proposed by Senator Walter Mondale in 1968 to examine developments in ipftdical research.
|
From page 5... ...
A final charter is awaited. Domestic and Foreign Decisions Concerning Embryo Research The two professional societies in the United States that represent the physicians most involved in human TVFET have considered ethical questions about the practice of IVFET and embryo research.
|
From page 6... ...
Deficiencies in the Science Pas^ Papers presented at the committee's workshop and the research agenda developed from that workshop indicate deficiencies in the scientific underpinnings of reproductive biology, and identify many areas in which further research efforts would make major contributions to improvements in medically assisted conception. The deficiencies are on three levels: basic science knowledge; knowledge needed to irrprove the technologies being used for medically assisted conception, such as cryobiology; and knowledge needed to improve both human and animal clinical practice of IVFET.
|
From page 7... ...
Overviews of the experience gained by the clinical practice of IVTET and of the practice of assisted conception in food-producing animals directed attention to unanswered questions that will require basic science research for their resolution. These questions reflect important gaps in our knowledge of the biology of all the stages of reproduction from the development of male and female gametes to the process of embryo implantation.
|
From page 8... ...
o Determination of the role of paracrine factors including fibroblast growth factor, somatomedin C, epidermal growth factor, and interleukin-1 on the development and differentiation of male gametes. o Structural analysis to identify normal and abnormal sperm and the development of markers for abnormal sperm.
|
From page 9... ...
o Continued investigation to identify the genes for zona proteins in various species, especially humans. o Further delineation of the role of zona proteins, especially ZP2 and ZP3, in sperm binding.
|
From page 10... ...
o Collection of information on sharing of spare eggs and arrested embryos for research purposes.
|
From page 11... ...
The recent appointment of the Biomedical Advisory Committee by the Biomedical Ethics Board, to report to Congress by November 1990 on embryo research issues, could be a step toward a solution. The committee applauds the intention to revive the Ethics Advisory Board of the Department of Health and Human Services to rule on the ethical acceptability of research relating to human embryos, which is required before federal funding of such a research grant can be considered.
|
From page 12... ...
The conuittee reuum| |
From page 13... ...
Improving Communications The KM Workshop on Medically Assisted Conception brought together researchers from basic science, clinical practice, and animal sciences. The resulting interaction was viewed as extremely helpful by investigators from each of these communities.
|
From page 14... ...
By the Ethics Comnittee (1986-7) of the American Fertility Society in light of Instruction on the Respect for Human Life in its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.