Computational Needs and Resources in Crystallography Proceedings of a Symposium, Albuquerque, New Mexico, April 8, 1972. (1973) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
What are the Funding Agencies Doing, and What are Their Plans for the Future?
What are the Funding Agencies Doing, and What are Their Plans for the Future?
Pages 77-96
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 77... ...
Session III What Are the Funding Agencies Doing, and What Are Their Plans for the Future? Session Chairman: Allan Zalkin 77
|
From page 78... ...
The total NSF budget is surprisingly modest, about the same as that of the Chicago Public School System or about half a billion dollars per year. The Chemistry Section in the NSF Research Directorate, accounts for some of the NSF support for chemistry.
|
From page 79... ...
However, certain qualitative conclusions are clear, namely, that total NSF expenditures for computational support of research (including ICS) has decreased steadily, perhaps by a factor of 2, since 1967, while the number of research grants containing computational support has increased steadily, by a factor of 2, since 1967.
|
From page 80... ...
earth-surveillance remote sensors producing 10 bits of information per day, emphasize the need for considerable research in the hardware/software problems of the collection, reduction, storage, and retrieval of massive amounts of information on a scale hitherto not seriously contemplated. Leaving the role of the National Science Foundation in computing in science, as this Symposium was initiated by the National Research Council's Committee on Computers in Chemistry, it is relevant to examine briefly how the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council is addressing the subject.
|
From page 81... ...
Among these are the National Center for Atmospheric Research, a facility providing massive computer and other largescale specialized equipment support to university researchers as well as to its in-house staff, and the Computer Research Center for Economics and Management Science, developing under a five-year grant from NSF to the National Bureau for Economic Research, which is purchasing its needed computer services actually from an off-site supplier. Two computer-communication network developments should be noted.
|
From page 82... ...
In addition to providing a service function, each resource is responsible for promoting strong core research and development in its technology, engaging in collaborative efforts between resource core scientists and members of the user community unsophisticated in the use of the technology, and providing an arena for training in that technology for both future technologists and biomedical researchers. Areas included in the BRB program are biomedical computing, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electron microscopy.
|
From page 83... ...
Since BRB support bridges many areas of science and technology that relate to health research, it would be outside the mission of the program to develop a center limited to one specific field of research. On the other hand, as part of their overall service responsibilities, a few centers supported by BRB currently provide limited computational support to crystallographers.
|
From page 84... ...
The Division of Research Grants, NIH, maintains a data system on funded programs. Each grant application is coded according to keywords chosen to describe the project, Keywords that describe the basic research effort are listed as PRIMARY EMPHASIS INDEX TERM, Other keywords listed as INDEX TERM.
|
From page 85... ...
Table 2 Grants Funded by PHS During FY 1972 to Support Research Involving Crystallography, by Funding Unit AWARDING ORGANIZATION National Institutes of Health Allergy and Infectious Diseases Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases Cancer Child Health and Human Development Dental Research Eye General Medical Sciences Heart and Lung Neurological Diseases and Stroke Research Resources Environmental Health Service Air Pollution Control TOTAL NUMBER OF GRANTS FUNDED 11 41 16 1 17 3 83 18 12 203 TOTAL _4 4 85
|
From page 87... ...
Civil Establishments Argonne National Laboratory 21 Brookhaven National Laboratory 15 Oak Ridge National Laboratory 15 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 14 Stanford Linear Accelerator 9 Center Bendix Corp. 12 Oak Ridge Computer Technology Center 12 Savannah River Laboratory (DuPont)
|
From page 88... ...
Will the Planned Acquisition of New-Generation Computers at the National Laboratories Provide Excess Computing Power? That can be made available to research workers in universities on a largescale basis?
|
From page 89... ...
Average monthly utilization figures at these locations for their major computers are as follows: Location Computers Avg. Hours Per Month LLL CDC 7600 (2)
|
From page 90... ...
For the six-month period ended June 30, 1971, the following amounts were spent for outside computer services by the various installations: Cost of Computer Time Acquired from Commercial Sources for the Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 1971 Location Amount Sandia, Albuquerque $36 686 Sandia, Livermore ll 639 LASL*
|
From page 91... ...
provided to other Government users for the six-month period ended June 30, 1971: Location Equipment Number of hours Lovelace B5500 ll3 LASL 6600 1205 1401 7600 Sandia, AL 3600 14 BNL 6600 297 INC 360/75 133 NYU 6600 1005 Carbide, CTC 7090 15 360/50-65 Carbide, ORNL 360/75-91 770 LBL (2) 6600 964 Total 4516 Economics and Efficiencies of Large Regional Computer Centers The controller's office has encouraged the establishment of "regional" centers or, more accurately, the centralization of computer capability to serve several users.
|
From page 92... ...
Perhaps I didn't emphasize sufficiently that the big problem is not the adequacy of computer network technology. It's very clear through the ARPA Network, for example, that the technical workability of computer networking is being demonstrated.
|
From page 93... ...
Certainly, some CAR support will have to be provided for the purpose of demonstrating the use of computer networks, and that has already been done in the current fiscal year, in three-level hierarchical computing for laboratory automation, for example, and in certain experiments in computer-network-assisted research. But this cannot be done in an extensive way by the Office of Computing Activities alone in the National Science Foundation.
|
From page 94... ...
Freer: Do you anticipate that the 7600 at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory will be going on the ARPA Network soon? Wagner: I don't know anything about it.
|
From page 95... ...
Harvey Brooks's covering letter, by the way, were also sent to the NSF Office of Computing Activities for reaction, and the OCA response is on record. So, the feasibility study is under way with the awareness that some of the questions to be addressed transcend chemistry.
|
From page 96... ...
Dewar: My concern is that if AEC is in a position where it feels it has to say there is a hundred percent utilization, it may not be in a position to know for itself whether there is time available for possible distribution elsewhere. Wagner: I do not think places like Livermore and Sandia and Los Alamos were pretending that there's a hundred percent utilization, because it's a 24-hour day, 7-day week operation.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.