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2 Characteristics of Peacebuilding
2 Characteristics of Peacebuilding
Pages 9-22
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From page 9... ...
Next, Kirby Reiling, conflict specialist with USAID's Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation, outlined a framework developed by USAID to assess conflicts so that interventions can be targeted and evaluated. Finally, Sharon Morris, director of youth and conflict management for Mercy Corps, explained how her organization seeks to manage conflicts.
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They identified patterns, drew lessons, and synthesized broadly shared principles for peacebuilding activities. The report identifies five broad goals, or end states (below)
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Ownership requires capacity, which often needs tremendous strengthening in S&R environments. Political primacy demands that a political settlement be the cornerstone of a sustainable peace.
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It requires reducing drivers and strengthening mitigators of conflict across political, security, rule of law, economic, and social spheres, while building the host nation's capacity to manage political and economic competition through peaceful means. Regional engagement entails encouraging the host nation, its neighboring countries, and other key states in the region to partner in promoting both the host nation's and the region's security and economic and political development.
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Programs to retrain demobilized youth and provide economic opportunities will be necessary, as will community-level intervention to support reconciliation and development to foster a sense of social well-being and achieve sustainable peace. In short, Cole said, "it is a tiger team approach." A Framework for Conflict Assessment The vast majority of conflicts since World War II have been intrastate conflicts, said USAID's Kirby Reiling.2 As of the end of 2011, 37 countries were in armed conflict, according to the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (www.
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now connects analysis more closely to response so that development activities have greater impact.3 USAID developed the framework to integrate conflict assessment more closely with programming, Reiling explained. Monitoring of the program can guide subsequent analyses, resulting in a continuous learning process.
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Reiling then described a series of features of CAF that can be used to analyze and understand conflict in order to identify, support, and design conflict management institutions and programs. First, the framework takes account of the intersection between identity, institutions, and societal patterns, and the grievances, resiliencies, dividers, and connectors in a society.
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Reiling suggested that the theory of change lends itself to an engineering solution because it requires stakeholders to carefully define what activities in what sequence will produce the desired outcome. Build conflict sensitivity into traditional development programming.
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Managing Conflict Sharon Morris discussed Mercy Corps and its work as an international relief and development organization focused on high-risk transitional environments in both conflict and postconflict settings. These are very challenging but also environments of opportunity.
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As another example, Morris discussed a large youth program that Mercy Corps operates in Kenya, designed to deal with violence in the lead-up to the elections in March 2013. It is a complex program, with components for economic development, civic engagement, and youth leadership.
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From page 19... ...
Another important component in this program has been creating the capacity to communicate with youth -- an SMS4-based system that provides warning to enrolled youth that political elites may try to manipulate them and encourage them not to participate in any emerging protest and associated violence. The goal is not to support any particular political movement but to break the linkages that enable political elites to use young men to incite violence.
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In response to a question about the kinds of information technology Mercy Corps uses in its programs, Morris said the organization uses various different kinds, but as a general rule tries to adopt the simplest, most easily accessible technologies it can. For example, for early warning and crisis mapping applications, Mercy Corps personnel collect information using Excel spreadsheets and integrate and distribute it using Google Maps.
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From page 21... ...
CHARACTERISTICS OF PEACEBUILDING 21 these activities to create more resilient communities. "There are overlaps, and we need to bring our strands of programming together." Morris agreed, pointing out that, in Africa, the combination of peacebuilding and development provides communities with the ability to withstand shocks more effectively.
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