Naval Communications Architecture (1994) / Chapter Skim
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CURRENT AND PROGRAMMED SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITIES
CURRENT AND PROGRAMMED SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITIES
Pages 22-43
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From page 22... ...
The range of rates is defined by the requirements imposed by the missions to be supported. For example, a data link supporting radar imagery transmission can require data rates as high as 274 Mbps, whereas command and control links may require much lower data rates (i.e., <9.6 kbps)
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From page 23... ...
The panel reviewed selected ongoing Navy activities under Project Croesus and endorses the efforts of the Croesus study group1 with respect to tactical data link development. 'CNO, Director, Space and Electronic Warfare, "Tactical Data Link Assessment" briefing, June 15, 1992.
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From page 24... ...
Crosslinked satellites (MILSTAR, TDRSS II, FEWS, IRIDIUM, SYRACUSE II) New-generation LEO satellites/shuttle launched communications payloads Store and forward satellites ACTS - Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (NASA)
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From page 25... ...
is attached to two UHF FLTSATs to provide an early-on EHF communications capability to the operating forces and a test environment for the development of MILSTAR terminals. Each FLTSATCOM satellite provides relay communications on 23 separate UHF channels (ten 25-kHz channels, twelve 5-kHz channels, and one 500-kHz channel)
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From page 26... ...
. The UFO UHF communications suite will also consist of 5- and 25-kHz channels, and on the fourth and subsequent spacecraft will include ten EHF channels for broadcast and communications purposes that are also MILSTAR compatible.
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From page 27... ...
A typical listing of C-band and Ku-band satellites is shown in Tables 3.2 and 3.3. Because of the extensive geostationary orbit capabilities presented by these commercial satellites, the panel recommends that the Navy consider the acquisition of commercial satellite terminals that could be used in these frequency bands.
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From page 28... ...
Alaska, Hawaii 40 1 @ 40 MHz 1 @ 86 MHz 16 @ 54MHz East CONUS and west CONUS spot beams 42-45 SALCOM Ku-1 GE GE American 85°W 1996 CONUS or east CONUS and west CONUS 39^»8 37-43 16@ 54 MHz AUSSAT A3 Hughes AUSSAT 164°E 1997 National Australia 34-38 15@ 45 MHz Papua. New Guinea spot 41-45 SW Pacific Ocean region 29-34 Four Australia spot beams (W,C,NE,SE)
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From page 29... ...
Pierre, Reunion spot beam 34-42 6 @ 50 MHz 4@ 92MHz Ku-band: Mainland France 5052.5 11 @ 36 MHz X-band: Global, center Europe, steerable spot 28-43 3 @ 40 MHz 1 @ 60 MHz 1 @ 80MHz CS-3B Loral NASDA 136"E 1995 C-band: Mainland Japan, outlying islands 31 2 @ 180 MHz Ka-band: Mainland Japan 38 10 @ 100 MHz ITALSAT Selenia JTALSAT 13.2-E 1993 Ka-band: Six spot beams over Italy 57 6 @ 147 MBPS demod/remod channels Ka-band: One spot beam over Italy 46 3@ 36MHz 3 Beacons: Western Europe spot beam-18.7, 39.6, 49.5 GHz 23-27 DPS KOPERNIKUS MBB Deutsche Bundespot 28.5°E 2000 Ku-band: Germany coverage 49 7 @ 44 MHz 3 @ 90MHz Ka-band 48 1 @ 90 MHz ANKE2 GE TELESAT 107.3°E 2003 C-band: Canada, northern half of CONUS, Alaska 35-37 24 @ 36 MHz Canada Ku-band: East and west Canada spot, Canada National, cross border beams 43-52 16 ® 54 MHz 29
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From page 30... ...
Europe 48-51 10 @ 36 MHz 6@ 72MHz INTELSAT vn F2 Loral INTELSAT 177°E 1993 C-band One steerable, one global, two hemi, and four switchable zone beams 26-33 16 @ 72 MHz 8 @ 36MHz 2 @41 MHz Ku-band Three steerable spot beams 43-48 6 @ 72MHz 4 @ 112MHz INTELSAT-K GE INTELSAT 21.5«W 1992 Ku-band Western Europe, Latin and North America 50 16 @ 54 MHz TELSTAR 4A GE ATT 97°W 1993 C-band CONUS, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands 33-38 24 @ 36 MHz Aerospace Ku-band CONUS, Alaska. Hawaii.
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From page 31... ...
DSCS III CHANNEL AND ANTENNA CONFIGURATION RECEIVE ECCM NEACP NAVYC2 US-UK GMF WHCA CONTINGENCY JTP WIDEBAND AFSCF CSOC DDS DCS WIDEBAND AFSCF CSOC DDS DCS DTS UK DCS WIDEBAND WHCA WIDEBAND DCS SURTASS GMFAJ JCCS EAM TW/AA TACIES SURTASS TRANSMIT NORMAL CONNECTIVITY CAPABILITY All-service capability - WMMCCS/GMF Wideband -- Service to isolated areas Operational flexibility -- Operates with large/small terminals -- Groups users by operational needs -- Allocates transmitter power for maximum efficiency Six independent transponders (two 40-W channels, four 10-W channels) 61 element receive MBA Two 19 element transmit MB As FIGURE 3.3 Defense Satellite Communications Systems summary.
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From page 32... ...
AN/TSC-85A Voice, PCM Army Nodal Terminal 18/26 71 4CR-96 8/20 Digital Data Channel AN/TSC-93A TAC Trunking Army Spoke Terminal 18 71 6/12/24 Voice 8 AN/TSC-94A Similar to 93 AF Net Terminal 6/12 Voice 8 Channel AN/TSC-100A AF Nodal Terminal 6-60 Channels 8/20 AN/MSC-114A CTLS<50E/T Network Control Terminal 20 AN/WSC-2 Navy Shipbome 12/18 67/76 4/8 AN/WSC-6 Navy Ships to DSCS 12 76 8 AN/ASC-24 SHF Airborne E-4B 7 70 3.3 AN/ASC-18 Airborne 7 71 1/1 2.75 PTS In development Portable/Light 6 39 Other for ESD LST-8000 Developed for Portable/Light 19 68 Support up to 7 classified 16 channels customer simultaneously 32
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From page 33... ...
MILSTAR will provide a hard-core warfighting satellite communications capability with onboard processing to allow maximum flexibility by the user community, crosslinks for worldwide relay and control, and a variety of antenna configurations (spot, agile, and earthcoverage beams) to obtain maximum security and user flexibility and highly jam-resistant waveforms.
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From page 34... ...
.o -i -- " 2 Ofl 1C O s S "8 CO ^ 2 D O 34
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From page 35... ...
I and II, JAPAN SAT or Superbird, and ITALSAT. The panel concludes'that, for the near future, the Navy should concentrate its efforts on EHF satellites at 44 and 20 GHz.
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From page 36... ...
, the French SYRACUSE III, and the commercial IRIDIUM low-earth-orbit constellation are typical of crosslinked satellites of the future. The characteristics of the crosslinks on MILSTAR are well known and are not discussed in this report.
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From page 37... ...
These satellites can be equipped with uplink UHF capabilities for the protected insertion of data over friendly territories and UHF downlinks compatible with existing Navy receiving equipment on submarine and surface ships to bring about a store and forward capability for the Navy. The store and forward satellite could be used to transfer database information, imagery, weapons data updates, etc., at speeds of up to 10 Mbps.
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From page 38... ...
CDMA = Code-Division Multiple Access FDMA = Frequency-Division Multiple Access RDSS = Radio Determination Satellite Service SS = Spread Spectrum N.A. = Not available 3.3 TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES Rapid advancements taking place in a number of technologies associated with telecommunications could greatly improve the Navy's ability to perform tactical missions.
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From page 39... ...
TABLE 3.8 Enabling Technological Opportunities Microelectronics -- Greater computing power -- Smaller size -- Lower power drain Antennas/Transmitters -- Large satellite multibeam antennas -- Conformal arrays for missiles and aircraft -- Adaptive shipboard arrays -- High-power transmitters for missiles and aircraft Civil and Commercial Telecommunications -- Wideband worldwide networks -- Worldwide personal voice/data connectivity -- TV and audio broadcasts worldwide -- Small, smart, cheap terminals -- Large ratio data compression/imagery compression -- Smart multiplexers Networks -- Intelligent, adaptive nets -- Embedded COMSEC and automated key management (over-the-air rckey) -- Mass multi-user accommodation Use of Other DOD Systems -- Ubiquitous GPS -- Combined GPS/communications in handheld terminals 3.3.1 Microelectronics In the area of basic microelectronics, Table 3.9 summarizes the expected capabilities of dynamic and static random access memories (RAMs)
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From page 40... ...
ISDN-based systems should be of interest to future Navy telecommunications development efforts because these systems are designed to handle a variety of data traffic types, including interactive information services, electronic mail, digital voice, facsimile, file transfers, and wideband digital video services. Further, DISA is developing the Defense Integrated Systems Network based on commercial offerings of broadband ISDN.
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From page 41... ...
Likewise, modern access control techniques should provide a means to reconfigure and reallocate FLTSATCOM channels dynamically and rapidly, thus realizing a sizable increase in capacity relative to current throughput rates with increased user access. These techniques are referred to as multifrequency time division multiple access (MF TDMA)
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From page 42... ...
If SPAWAR continues with the integrated UHF/SHF program, it should reflect the latest results on multifrequency time division multiple accessing and modern modulation and coding schemes that provide for more efficient use of channel capacity. The Navy has not been a major satellite user at X-band, opting instead to invest heavily in EHF satellite payloads and EHF terminals.
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From page 43... ...
Some analysis suggests that a small EHF antenna could be placed on the buoy to communicate with EHF satellite assets. The towed buoy represents a resource for two-way communications for submarines.
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