The Arc of the Academic Research Career Issues and Implications for U.S. Science and Engineering Leadership: Summary of a Workshop (2014) / Chapter Skim
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4 The Tenure Track and Beyond
4 The Tenure Track and Beyond
Pages 27-36
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From page 27... ...
women Ph.D.s with children," this "cheap labor force" provides an increasing share of undergraduate instruction nationwide, Mason said. The ranks of the part-time faculty, Valerie Martin Conley, professor of counseling and higher education and co-director of the Center for Higher Education at Ohio University, noted, have grown much faster than those of full-time faculty (see Figure 4-1)
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From page 28... ...
; IPEDS Winter 2001-02 through Winter 2011-12, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section; and U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Higher Education Staff Information Survey (EEO-6)
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In past generations, university nepotism rules often forbade spouses from working in the same department or even at the same institution, and women's aspirations often took the back seat to their husbands' careers, Malcom observed. More recently, however, as Girgus and Hoffman noted, universities' attitudes have changed to match the reality of today's many two-career households, and now institutions try to help find suitable positions for the spouses of faculty relocating to their campuses, either in their own or neighboring academic institutions or with other employers in the surrounding community.
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From page 30... ...
wait to have a baby until they get tenure, if it is 9 years or 10 years on the tenure track, it probably will be too late." The intense pressure to achieve tenure is also a probable reason that tenuretrack women have fewer children than comparable men. In 2003, for example, Mason said, 73 percent of female assistant professors at the University of California-Berkeley were childless, as opposed to 61 percent of the males.
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In 2009, the birth of new babies was up two-thirds over 2003 for female assistant professors and up 20 percent for males. Faculty fathers, however, still had larger families.
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These figures do not provide definite proof, however, Hoffman noted, because some of the parents may have availed themselves of health plans provided by a spouse's job. Did teaching relief affect tenure outcomes?
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is a national issue. Universities can't solve it alone." The demands involved in caring for children may, in fact, account for what Girgus called "one of the very few differences between men and women faculty that we have at Princeton" -- an extremely wealthy institution with superior career and family supports for faculty -- "women spend longer as associate professors than men do" before winning advancement to full professor.
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From page 34... ...
"However, research shows that many faculty remain at the rank of associate either because they never apply for full, or because they do and they are denied, and they stay." Research also shows that the longer people remain in associate status, the less satisfaction they feel about their working conditions and workplace, according to Trower, who reported on a study from the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE) of 1,263 tenured associate professors in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields at a range of universities.7 The findings indicated that "people are pretty happy right after they get tenure," she said.
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From page 35... ...
Bringing people in from other universities or persuading them to stay at Princeton, it is the central piece of what we do in recruitment and retention, the central difficult piece, I should say." The issues of the later career underline another striking trend in higher education, what Martin Conley called the overall "graying" of the faculty. "Both full-time and part-time faculty are aging, as is the population," she said.
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From page 36... ...
Between fall 1992 and 1998 -- with the end of mandatory retirement coming in 1994 -- the percentage of departures by fulltime faculty because of retirement declined, giving "one of our first clues that faculty were beginning to delay retirement," Martin Conley said. The age structure of the faculty at UC Berkeley, for example, shows an unmistakable trend toward growth among the oldest cohorts, according to data that Goulden supplied (see Figure 4-3)
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