Dietary Fat and Human Health; a Report (1966) / Chapter Skim
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS (ARTERIOSCLEROSIS)
ATHEROSCLEROSIS (ARTERIOSCLEROSIS)
Pages 23-31
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From page 23... ...
The precise morphologic counterpart of human atherosclerosis has not been produced in any experimental animal. In some experimental animals with lesions induced by cholesterol feeding, abnormal deposits of cholesterol are found not only in blood vessels but also to varying extent in liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and tongue (143)
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From page 24... ...
Among these are: vascular injury, trauma or inflammation; abnormal lipid synthesis in the arterial tissue; abnormal plasma lipids; thrombus formation; degenerative change in the protein of the elastic membranes, media, or intimal tissue; prolonged hypertension; and abnormal activities of certain hormones. Thus, both chemical and mechanical factors have been postulated as causes of this cardiovascular disease.
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From page 25... ...
Experimental Production of Atherosclerosis Knowledge concerning experimental atherosclerosis, from the standpoint of the pathologic anatomist, has been strengthened during the past decade by at least two major advances -- investigations have been conducted on many species other than the chick and rabbit, and electron microscopy has permitted visualization and positive identification of structures in the arterial wall. Morphologic studies of cholesterol-induced atheroma have been reported in many species -- rabbit and chick (10, 39, 47, 106)
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From page 26... ...
5. In all species studied, lesions consisting of foam cells and lipid, and with some proliferation of intimal cells and usually of smooth muscle cells as well (altered or not)
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From page 27... ...
These studies of atherosclerotic arteries do not support any cause-and-effect hypothesis relating diet to coronary artery disease or to atherosclerosis in general, but do provide evidence of a relationship, although not perfect, between plasma lipids and those in atherosclerotic plaques. Plasma Triglycerides, Obesity, Diabetes, and Atherosclerosis A large portion of plasma lipid is in the form of triglyceride, particularly after a meal.
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From page 28... ...
These observations suggest that the metabolic defect or defects leading to diabetes and to high plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, as well as obesity, may be important in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis. It may be significant that levels of plasma triglycerides can be reduced in diabetics, overweight nondiabetic adults, patients with coronary artery disease, and most patients with hyperlipemia in a fasting state by the ingestion of diets reduced in calories and carbohydrates and relatively rich in fats, particularly polyunsaturated fats.
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From page 29... ...
Vitamin E and Lipid Metabolism Vitamin E, or tocopherol, functions as a biological antioxidant (97) ; that is, it retards the undesirable oxidative rancidification of polyunsaturated fatty acids in tissues.
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From page 30... ...
. Alcohol can increase hepatic fatty acid synthesis, but whether this or other mechanisms are responsible for the production of the fatty livers common in alcoholics is still controversial (43, 131)
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From page 31... ...
. Alcoholics usually have either normal plasma lipids or various degrees of mild hyperlipemia, and the transient effect of alcohol suggests that the variable degree of lipemia of alcoholics may depend on the duration of the alcohol intake.
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