Dietary Fat and Human Health; a Report (1966) / Chapter Skim
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PLASMA CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AS RELATED TO DIET AND HEART DISEASE
PLASMA CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AS RELATED TO DIET AND HEART DISEASE
Pages 32-41
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From page 32... ...
. Thus, in the United States where coronary disease is a leading cause of death, the average plasma cholesterol level in middle-aged men is approximately 220-230 mg percent; whereas in Guatemala, among the Bantu of Africa and in similar groups, the average level is approximately 180 mg percent, or perhaps lower.
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From page 33... ...
3. In all experimental animals in which elevated plasma cholesterol levels have been produced by various means, atheromatous lesions develop.
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From page 34... ...
Although there is general agreement that unsaturated vegetable oils tend to lower the plasma cholesterol levels while diets high in the ordinary saturated animal fats have the opposite effect, there is as yet no agreement upon fatty acid components presumed to be effective in raising or lowering the plasma cholesterol level. One group of investigators (3)
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From page 35... ...
This does not, however, modify the conclusion that large and sustained decreases in the circulating cholesterol can be easily induced by substitution of highly unsaturated vegetable oils in the diet in place of most of the saturated fats ordinarily present in the American diet. Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate on Plasma Cholesterol Level Those populations that experience little atherosclerosis generally consume diets that are not only low in fat but also high in starch and other forms of complex carbohydrates.
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From page 36... ...
. These findings were interpreted to suggest that "neomycin lowers plasma cholesterol levels primarily by an increase in fecal excretion of sterols and bile acids." Presumably, neomycin is effective, at least in part, by inducing a change in the intestinal flora which alters the structure of sterols and bile acids and thus changes their absorption.
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From page 37... ...
Within a few weeks, the change to the American diet, with nearly half the calories coming from fat, was associated with a considerable increase in concentration of plasma lipids in the Korean soldiers. Other environmental factors also changed, but the probability remains that the diet was the most important factor (124)
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From page 38... ...
The Masai, another pastoral tribe, who live almost entirely on milk and blood, also have a high saturated-fat intake. Nevertheless, their blood cholesterol concentrations are relatively low and, as far as can be determined, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease are infrequent.
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From page 39... ...
The risk of developing new heart disease was compounded by such additional factors as obesity, hypertension, and heavy cigarette smoking. Extensive experience with the effects on plasma cholesterol concentration of a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids is provided by the Diet and Coronary Heart Disease Study begun in New York City early in 1957 and still continuing (103)
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From page 40... ...
The plasma cholesterol concentrations were unchanged except for those who took the corn oil, in whom it was reduced. Fresh myocardial infarctions, however, were not reduced by either the olive oil or corn oil substitutions.
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From page 41... ...
Diets very low and, conversely, those high in fat are compatible with low plasma cholesterol concentrations. Even diets high in saturated fats are associated with low cholesterol, in spite of the careful clinical and metabolic studies in this country that seem to show the opposite.
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