Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (1968) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Pages 3-16
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 3... ...
These were the introduction of practical nematocides; the discovery of the golden nematode (Heterodera rostochiensis) in a major potato-producing region of the United States; the demonstration that the burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis)
|
From page 4... ...
In 1940, the number of scientists engaged in plant nematology in the United States was less than 25; today it is more than 300. Because of the introduction of undergraduate and graduate courses for the training of nematologists at several universities, the availability of textbooks emphasizing plant and soil nematodes, new research equipment and techniques, and regional cooperative research throughout the United States, progress in nematology should continue.
|
From page 5... ...
By tradition, the study of nematodes parasitic to man and animals is called "helminthology," and the study of plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes is called "nematology." Papers, symposia, and informal discussions on nematode diseases of plants have been presented for many years at annual meetings of the American Phytopathological Society. Numerous papers on this subject are published in Phytopathology, the official journal of this society, first issued in 1910.
|
From page 6... ...
For these reasons, the animal parasites were the first nematodes to be recorded and studied. Domesticated animals suffer similar parasitism and debilitation, with resultant indirect losses to man.
|
From page 7... ...
Unrecognized nematode infestations confound and often totally negate experiments designed to study other factors that limit plant growth. Quarantine actions by federal, state, and local agencies against such wellknown nematode pathogens as the golden nematode of potato (Heterodera rostochiensis)
|
From page 8... ...
The hypodermis protrudes into the body cavity ventrally, dorsally, and laterally, producing longitudinal ridges called chords. Nematodes possess two types of muscles -- the somatic muscles (Figure 1)
|
From page 9... ...
NEMATODES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE TO MAN FIGURE 1 A typical plant-parasitic nematode, Rotylenchus breviglans Sher, 1965. (Courtesy of the Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside.)
|
From page 10... ...
, the two subventral glands open into the lumen of the esophagus near the valve in the median bulb, and the dorsal gland opens into the lumen farther forward, just posterior to the stylet. In the third superfamily (Aphelenchoidea)
|
From page 11... ...
The soil inhabitants normally complete the entire life cycle in the soil, in or about the roots of plants. The aboveground parasites may begin their cycle on the soil or in the shallow surface layers, often in host-plant residues; but when suitable host plants develop and favorable conditions prevail, the aboveground parasites ascend the plant or attack the growing seedlings and mature aboveground.
|
From page 12... ...
Most larvae remain inside eggshells within the cyst until favorable conditions occur, finally emerging to wander free in the soil and to find new infection sites. Intermediate forms are found in Tylenchulus andRotylenchulus, in which younger stages feed ectoparasitically and later stages penetrate host tissues.
|
From page 13... ...
The wheat nematode may be effectively controlled by crop rotation with nonhost plants, because the emergence of larvae from the galls is virtually complete when soil moisture and temperature become favorable. Larvae die when they are outside the gall in the absence of the host.
|
From page 14... ...
We believe nematode diseases are increasing because of spread by man as well as man's tendency to monoculture plants. In recent years, the spread of nematode diseases has been accompanied by development of a variety of methods of prevention of nematode disease.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.