Control of Rabies (1973) / Chapter Skim
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CONTROL
CONTROL
Pages 5-19
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From page 5... ...
In man, the disease can be prevented by minimizing exposure to rabid animals and by a combination of local wound treatment and immunization after exposure. Persons in high-risk groups should receive pre-exposure immunization.
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From page 6... ...
Concurrently with prelicensing tests carried out by both the manufacturer and the USD A, investigations are begun to develop standard requirements for sterility, safety, and potency that are to be applied to the testing of each lot after the product is licensed. Exceptions to the above procedures may be made for products that are used in national eradication or control programs.
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From page 7... ...
Until 1972, there was no evidence that LEP-CEO vaccine produced rabies in adult dogs, but early that year evidence showed that six adult dogs may have developed rabies as a result of the vaccine virus. Since all six of these dogs -- from three states -- were vaccinated with LEPCEO vaccine from a single company, the USD A removed that company's rabies vaccine from the market temporarily.
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From page 8... ...
In a study sponsored by the Veterinary Biologics Division, in cooperation with the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the Pan-American Health Organization, an inactivated vaccine of tissue culture origin that was licensed and used in many states proved clearly inferior to others in stimulating rabies antibody and in protecting dogs against rabies.
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From page 9... ...
Second, the needed information on acceptable safety, efficacy, and immunity duration of new tissue culture vaccines has not long been available. Data have been compiled that compare eight types of vaccines -- five tissue culture vacines; LEP-CEO, a highly potent inactivated vaccine; and a marginally potent inactivated vaccine (Sikes et al, 1971)
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From page 10... ...
, inactivated rabies vaccines provide 1-year immunity after a single injection. If inactivated TCO vaccines are used, two doses given 3-4 weeks apart are recommended for the primary immunization, and annual boosters are required to maintain immunity.
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From page 11... ...
As with dogs, two primary doses of the inactivated TCO type or a single dose of NTO type are recommended. Modified live virus rabies vaccine containing the LEP-Flury strain virus may cause rabies in species other than dogs.
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From page 12... ...
Second, there are short-term programs that have been established in response to a sudden upsurge in reported rabies, usually in a much smaller, geographically defined area. The purpose of long-term control programs is to maintain populations at abnormally low levels for an indefinite period of time, whereas the short, intensive programs are intended to destroy a segment of the population at one point in time.
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From page 13... ...
The ecology of the disease in wildlife has not been studied thoroughly enough to determine certain practical aspects about wildlife rabies control, namely: (1) the number of animals that must be removed from an area to control rabies; (2)
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From page 14... ...
Local health department or dog control officials can enforce the pickup of strays more efficiently if owned animals are confined in an enclosed area or kept on leash. Strays should be impounded for at least 3 days to give owners sufficient time to reclaim them.
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From page 15... ...
POSTEXPOSURE PRACTICES Dogs and Cats Dogs and cats bitten by a known rabid animal should be destroyed immediately. If the owner is unwilling to have this done, the exposed unvaccinated animal should be placed in strict isolation for 6 months.
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From page 16... ...
• Tissues or secretions from a clinically rabid animal should not ordinarily be used for human or animal consumption; however, pasteurization temperatures will inactivate rabies virus, so drinking pasteurized milk or eating meat from a rabid cow that has been completely cooked does not constitute a rabies exposure. PREVENTION OF RABIES IN MAN The pamphlet Rabies, Prophylaxis summarizes the aspect of rabies control in human beings.
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From page 17... ...
The relationship between virus shedding and clinical disease in wild-animal species is not known in detail; therefore, when such animals cause possible human exposure by biting or scratching, they should be killed immediately and submitted to the laboratory for examination. REGULATORY ASPECTS OF CONTROL Rabies control cannot be achieved by an individual or by an individual community.
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From page 18... ...
Animal Health Association develop a uniform standard requirement pertaining to rabies immunization, including a standard certificate for interstate movement of dogs and cats that they can recommend to states for adoption. This subcommittee concurs with the points made and urges the adoption of the recommendation.
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From page 19... ...
8. Require that rabies vaccination be performed only by a licensed veterinarian using only rabies vaccines approved by and prescribed by the state agency responsible for administering the law.
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