Issues in Controlled Substance Use Papers and Commentary, Conference on Issues in Controlled Substance Use (1980) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 1-4
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In this sense, controls direct individuals to use a substance or to use it in a particular way because it is culturally believed to be healthful, relaxing, or to have other benefits. The concept of control may be useful at different levels of scientific analysis: the biological level -- for example, the ethanol intake control system that McClearn discusses in his paper in this volume; the psychosocial level -- for example, learned attitudes, tendencies, and patterns, self-control techniques, and the effects of social setting; and the societal level -- for example, laws, customs, market forces, and mass public education.
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The first paper, "Informal Social Controls and Their Influence on Substance Abuse," is concerned with controls stemming from membership in social groups. People learn appropriate substance use from familiar or respected others, who encourage and reward particular patterns.
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One experimental basis for examining these possibilities is to develop animal models wherein important variables, such as preference for substances, can be isolated and analyzed in the laboratory. These issues are reviewed and discussed in the paper "Animal Models as Pharmacogenetic Tools."
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