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A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D Overview of the GHS Classification Scheme in Hazard Classification
Pages 253-264

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From page 253...
...  GHS Categories 1A and 1B: USE OF THE GHS CLASSIFICATION SCHEME TO ASSESS HEALTH HAZARDS o DfE: Very High Hazard/Green Screen: High Hazard Acute Mammalian Toxicity  GHS Category 2: The GHS defines acute "toxicity as adverse effects occurring following oral or dermal o DfE: High Hazard /Green Screen: Moderate administration of a single dose of a substance, or Hazard multiple doses given within 24 hours, or an  No GHS Category inhalation exposure of 4 hours" (UNECE 2013)
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From page 254...
... 0.05 0.5 1.0 5 SOURCE: Adapted from UNECE 2011. TABLE D-2 GHS Criteria to Categorize the Carcinogenicity of a Single Substance Category 1 Category 2 Known or Presumed Carcinogen Suspected Carcinogen Subcategory 1A Subcategory 1B Known Human Carcinogen Based on Presumed Human Carcinogen Based Limited evidence of human or animal human evidence on demonstrated animal carcinogenicity carcinogenicity Mutagenicity/Genotoxicity  No GHS Category The GHS criteria used to assess chemicals for o DfE: Moderate Hazard for germ cell mutagenicity/genotoxicity health end points are mutagenicity and mutagenicity and adapted from criteria developed for the GHS health genotoxicity in somatic cells = evidence of hazard "Germ Cell Mutagenicity." This hazard class mutagenicity supported by positive results is primarily concerned with chemicals that may cause in in vitro or in vivo somatic cells of humans human germ cell mutations.
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From page 255...
... . DfE-assigned hazard designations from two GreenScreen® developed the following reproductive authoritative lists also provide evidence of toxicity hazard designations based on the GHS reproductive and developmental toxicity.
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From page 256...
... GreenScreen® assigns the following to chemicals in the specific target organ (repeated hazard designations to the GHS categories: High exposure) hazard class produce significant toxic Hazard = Category 1; Moderate Hazard = Category effects on specific target organs, including effects that 2; Low Hazard = Adequate data available and negative impair function, are both reversible and irreversible, studies, no structural alerts, and GHS not classified.
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From page 257...
... This specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) category only includes narcotic effects and are GHS guidance values with DfE-assigned hazard respiratory irritation.
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From page 258...
... . Skin Sensitization The DfE framework and GreenScreen® tool use The frameworks primarily use GHS criteria to the GHS criteria differently (and use different provide evidence of the skin sensitization health end assigned hazard designations)
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From page 259...
... The DfE framework assigns the following human data, followed by existing animal data, hazard designations: High = GHS Category 1A (high followed by in vitro data and then other sources of frequency of sensitization in humans and/or high information" (UNECE 2013)
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From page 260...
... The DfE framework uses criteria derived from the Office of Pesticide Programs Acute Toxicity IC2 and BizNGO use the following GHS Categories to provide evidence of skin categories with hazard designations assigned by irritation/corrosivity: Very High Hazard = Corrosive; GreenScreen® as evidence that a chemical causes High Hazard = Severe irritation at 72 hours; eye corrosion or irritation: Very High Hazard = Moderate Hazard = Moderate irritation at 72 hours; Category 1 (irreversible damage) ; High = Category 2 Low Hazard = Not irritating.
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From page 261...
... The REACH framework uses the GHS criteria for the Chemicals that provide evidence of respiratory hazard class specific target organ toxicity (single irritation also can be identified from ATSDR Minimal exposure) to provide evidence of the end point.
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From page 262...
... disruption. Based on criteria developed by IC2 and BizNGO classify chemicals as endocrine GreenScreen®, the IC2 and BizNGO frameworks active using the following hazard levels: High Hazard evaluate chemicals for endocrine activity and assign = chemical on EU SVHC authorization list for hazard values based on adverse endocrine-related endocrine activity; Moderate / Moderate or High health effects (Clean Production Action 2013)
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From page 263...
... 2013a. data, test results, or combination of test results Scientific opinion on the hazard assessment of provide sufficient evidence of endocrine activity.
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From page 264...
... Part 3. Health Hazards.
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Key Terms

  • endocrine activity
  • provide evidence
  • ghs category
  • hazard designations
  • dfe framework

  • authoritative lists
  • moderate hazard
  • repeated dose
  • respiratory irritation
  • reproductive toxicity

  • germ cell
  • target organ
  • guidance values
  • repeated exposure
  • low hazard

  • organ toxicity
  • health hazard
  • ghs guidance
  • hazard class
  • dose toxicity

  • ghs classification
  • assigned hazard
  • health hazards
  • single exposure
  • respiratory sensitizers

  • cell mutagenicity
  • toxic effects
  • hazard levels
  • hazard assessment
  • human data


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