Introduction of Recombinant DNA-Engineered Organisms Into the Environment Key Issues (1987) / Chapter Skim
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The Potential Hazards of R-DNA-Engineered Organisms into the Environment: Separating Real from Hypothetical Problems
The Potential Hazards of R-DNA-Engineered Organisms into the Environment: Separating Real from Hypothetical Problems
Pages 12-17
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From page 12... ...
T his section deals only with those questions that can be answered on that basis. It draws on our experience, largely in laboratory and agricultural applications, although future uses of R-ONA-engineered organisms will include the leaching of ores and degradation of pollutants, as well as agri cultural applications outside our current experience (Gillett et al, 1986)
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From page 13... ...
They are usually unproductive be tionary arguments cannot be used to assen categorically that cause the genetic signals for gene expression function only engineered organisms are risk free. Rather, the evaluation of the when the recipient organism is closely related to the donoJ: To risks associated with a particular introduction should be based solve this problem, researchers have learned to alter the signals on the properties of the engineered organism and its target that enable a gene to be expressed in the recipient organism.
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From page 14... ...
The strong implica target environment But many of the currendy proposed agri tion is that neither the source of the gene nor the method by cultural applications of R-ONA-engineered organisms will which it is introduced warrants concern in assessing R-ONA involve reintroducing modified organisms into the same or a engineered organisms. similar environment from which they were taken, so they are not analogous to the introduction of a nonnative species.
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From page 15... ...
The traits contributing to pathogenicity include the ability pathogenicity of the lane�: Many studies have indicated that to attach to specific host cells, to resist a wide range of host populations of bacteria characteristically do not exchange chro defense systems, to form toxic chemicals that kill cells, to pro mosomal DNA (Selander tt aL, 1987)
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From page 16... ...
In fact, although depends on many genes, as indicated earlier Even though little has been done with aquatic microbial communities, a many determinants of pathogenicity are on plasmids, only a substantial body of data exists on the worldwide use of small subset of bacteria in natural populations have all the nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria in the genus Rhizobium. These bac traits essential to the "pathogenic personality." That is true not teria have been used since the 1890s, and more recently only for the major pathogenic genera in the enteric group of nitrogen-fixing organisms in the genus Frankia have also been bacteria, but also for most of the other bacteria of medical and used.
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From page 17... ...
Microorganisms have also been widely used as insect control agents. For example, Badllus thuringiensis, a bacterium that pro duces a protein toxic to some insects, has been used on a large scale to control gypsy moths and other insects, and no adverse effects on indigenous microorganisms have been attributed to this procedure.
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