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3 Financing for Outcomes and Equity
3 Financing for Outcomes and Equity
Pages 15-26
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From page 15... ...
Speakers discussed financing programs to reach marginalized populations, to reduce disparities among recipients, and to support child rights. KEYNOTE: WHAT IT MEANS TO FINANCE INVESTMENTS IN YOUNG CHILDREN1 Sumit Bose, former finance secretary and member of the Expenditure Management Commission of the government of India, presented the keynote address, speaking about lessons learned from India's commitment to financing investments for its sizable population of children under age 8.
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From page 16... ...
, but cautioned that increasing levels of central government and external donor expenditure could result in "substitution funding." For Bose, there is a danger in the federal government providing funds to state governments without the state governments maintaining their level of funding. However, Bose said, this problem was addressed in the latest Finance Commission's report, which mandated a minimum growth rate of 8 percent in state budgets for elementary education in order to receive central government funds.
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From page 17... ...
Through the 2013 National Food Security Bill, the A nganwadi centers are authorized to provide free meals for women, children, and adolescent girls, and cash transfers as part of maternity benefits (see Box 3-1 for additional information on Anganwadi centers)
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From page 18... ...
He also cited a survey, the Hungama Survey Report by the Naandi Foundation, which found that although Anganwadi centers were widespread, they were not always efficient.2 On the day of the survey, for example, only 50 percent of the centers examined provided food, and only 19 percent provided nutrition and education services for mothers. He cited a similar example in which, following a scale up of sanitation 2 For more information about the Hungama Survey Report, please visit http://www.
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From page 19... ...
In this regard, Bose underscored the role that various stakeholders play and the coordination required to ensure success. FINANCING IN THE CONTEXT OF CHILD RIGHTS3 Enakshi Ganguly of the HAQ: Centre for Child Rights in India noted that budget analysis plays a crucial role in monitoring state performance and ensuring government transparency and accountability.
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From page 20... ...
In particular, she observed an urban/rural divide in the ICDS, which, as previously stated, offers services through Anganwadi centers. Ganguly stated that while children in rural areas receive more services from Anganwadi centers than children in urban areas, rural centers are underperforming, and in urban areas, they are nothing more than feeding centers.
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From page 21... ...
Finally, Ganguly stated the need to harmonize the activities of private service providers with program mandates, standards, and legislation, the primary responsibility for which lies with the government. WHERE FINANCING IS MINIMAL6 Caroline Arnold of the Aga Khan Foundation (AKF)
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From page 22... ...
. NOTE: Created using information contained in the World Inequality Database on Education.
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From page 23... ...
When some workshop participants questioned a fee-for-service structure of early childhood education, Arnold argued that free education is a worthwhile goal but not necessarily achievable in the short term. She asserted that the key element was ensuring that the ability to pay was not a factor in access and that some provision must exist to include children from families who could not afford to pay.
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From page 24... ...
Although the program is still in early stages, Arnold noted that it held promise for innovating financing schemes for social impact in underresourced locations. FINANCING SERVICES FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES: SHISHU BIKASH KENDRA CHILD DEVELOPMENT CENTERS OF BANGLADESH7 Ashrafi Ahmad of the Directorate General of Health Services spoke about the rising rates of neurodevelopmental disorders in Bangladesh.
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From page 25... ...
The program operates per its own budget, and funds are then requested from the donor pool for reimbursement. However, she said, the request goes through numerous layers of bureaucracy in the central government, such that reimbursement requests (which are used to pay salaries, for example)
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