Measuring Human Capabilities An Agenda for Basic Research on the Assessment of Individual and Group Performance Potential for Military Accession (2015) / Chapter Skim
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10 Assessment of Individual Differences Through Neuroscience Measures
10 Assessment of Individual Differences Through Neuroscience Measures
Pages 203-214
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From page 203... ...
. The current study committee was charged with recommending a research agenda based upon the biological basis of individual differences 203
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psychophysiological measures, such as heart rate and cardio rhythms, eye position, galvanic skin response, and pupil size; 2. neuroimaging measures, such as fMRI, electrical recording, and optical imaging with near infrared spectroscopy; and 3.
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, the committee views inappropriate levels of test anxiety during assessments as a potential validity threat to the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) and the Tailored Adaptive Personality Assessment System (TAPAS; see Chapter 1 for further discussion of these tests)
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From page 206... ...
. Stress induces changes to brain activity patterns, commonly in the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal regions (Cannon, 1932; Dedovic et al., 2009; Lupien, 2009; van Stegeren, 2009)
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Environments that appear similar may still lead to different stress responses because of the context in which stress level is measured, such as the time of day, the test taker's preceding activities, or the presence of sleep deprivation. In addition to the stress response, sympathetic and parasympathetic activity can be measured by use of heart rate variability measures (Axelrod et al., 1981)
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From page 208... ...
Although the committee cites evidence for each of these points, they remain areas of ongoing research that will require additional effort to develop the fundamental understanding necessary for long term potential application in assessment processes. However, the preliminary evidence offers great promise for the future application of neuroscience methods in improving predictability and performance by military personnel.
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. Neural systems related to effortful control involve a network including the anterior cingulate, anterior insula, and underlying striatum (Posner et al., 2007)
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. In other studies, 1 to 4 weeks of mindfulness meditation in comparison to a control group given relaxation training improved attention and mood and changed white matter connectivity between the anterior cingulate and other areas as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (Tang et al., 2012)
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. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: A quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control.
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. An fMRI study of personality influences on brain reactivity to emotional stimuli.
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From page 213... ...
. Practice related changes in the human brain: Functional anatomy during non motor learning.
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