Measuring Human Capabilities An Agenda for Basic Research on the Assessment of Individual and Group Performance Potential for Military Accession (2015) / Chapter Skim
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11 The Research Agenda
11 The Research Agenda
Pages 217-230
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, that might in time lead to improvements in the Army enlisted soldier selection process. In developing the recommended research agenda and considering an implementation strategy that includes the necessary funding level, the committee excluded possible methods of improving selection that were, in the committee's judgment, beyond the basic research stage.
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A reasonable average funding level for these projects might be $350,000 per year. We note that this funding level is consistent with the typical current funding level for basic research projects supported from ARI's Personnel Performance and Training budget line.
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Committee Conclusion The constructs of fluid intelligence (novel reasoning) , working memory capacity, executive attention, and inhibitory control are important to a wide range of situations relevant to the military, from initial selection, selection for a particular job, and training regimes to issues having to do with emotional, behavioral, and impulse control in individuals after accession.
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Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sci ences should support research to further understanding of inhibitory control, including but not limited to the following lines of inquiry: A. Develop time-efficient, computer-automated self-report and behav ioral assessments of inhibitory control capacity that demonstrate convergence with neurophysiological indices, as well as differentia tion from constructs considered distinct from inhibitory control. B. Examine the extent to which inhibitory control -- as assessed through self-report, task-behavioral, and physiological response measures -- predicts performance outcomes of interest (e.g., ac cidents, disciplinary incidents)
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Committee Conclusion A spatial ability measure, Assembling Objects (AO) , is included in the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)
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C. Examine sex differences on the various facets of spatial ability, as well as the degree to which sex differences are mitigated or accen tuated by various forms of training on the facets of spatial ability. D. Develop measures reflecting various work outcomes that can be used as criterion measures in evaluating the validity of various measures of spatial ability.
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Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sci ences should support research to understand issues in the domain of hot cognition: A. Research should explore behavioral performance measures and also physiological measures of dispositional defensive reactivity, such as the eye-blink startle measure and other biological indica
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. In addition, research should compare the predictive validity of trait dispositions as assessed by physiological or behav ioral measures in relation to survey assessments and examine how traits affect performance outcomes in differing situational contexts (e.g., impact of dispositional boldness on behavioral effectiveness in social versus affective versus workplace versus battlefield context)
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Committee Conclusion The military has long been in the forefront of modernized operational adaptive testing. Recent research offers promise for improvements in measurement in a variety of areas, including the application and modeling of forced-choice measurement methods; development of serious gaming; and pursuing Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT)
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Various streams of research, including new conceptual and measurement developments in assessing situational judgment, as well as evidence of consistent incremental validity of situational judgment measures over cognitive ability and personality measures for predicting performance in various work settings, lead the committee to conclude that measures of situational judgment merit inclusion in a program of basic research with the long-term goal of improving the Army's enlisted accession system.
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The committee concludes that the neuroscience domain merits inclusion in a program of basic research with the long-term goal of improving the Army's enlisted accession system.
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The program should support research in relevant biomarker development for use in the following roles: A. Research seeking refinement of current and future Army assess ments (e.g., the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery and Tailored Adaptive Personality Assessment System) through a deeper understanding of the constructs measured in selection and classifi cation testing.
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B. Basic research to apply modern neurophysiological tools to model test-taker response data (e.g., response time distributions, answer patterns that may suggest unmotivated responding or intentional distortion)
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