Measuring Human Capabilities An Agenda for Basic Research on the Assessment of Individual and Group Performance Potential for Military Accession (2015) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Biomarkers
Appendix C: Biomarkers
Pages 241-246
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From page 241... ...
The techniques used to study and understand brain functioning at all levels -- from the molecular and cellular biology of the brain to observable behavior and soldier interactions with other systems -- are providing an ever-increasing number of potential indicators of neural status relevant to Army tasks. The Army will need to monitor these techniques and technologies for their potential to serve as biomarkers of differences in neural state that reliably correlate with changes in performance status.
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From page 242... ...
in response to environmental factors that vary on timescales of hours, or roughly the timescale of preparation for and conduct of an Army operation. Thus, proteomic markers can vary with 1 An epigenetic modification refers to changes in gene expression from mechanisms other than alteration of the underlying DNA sequence.
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From page 243... ...
These imaging technologies and techniques include structural magnetic resonance imaging for volumetric analysis of brain regions, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for cognitive control networks, diffusion tensor imaging for transcranial fibers, and hyperspectral electroencephalography (EEG)
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From page 244... ...
To incorporate desensitization to fear-invoking situations in soldier training, fMRI scans could be compared before and after training to determine which environments elicit fear-correlated neural activity patterns. A prime example is the response of soldiers in Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm when sensors for chemical warfare agents indicated that the environment might contain an active agent.
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From page 245... ...
For Army applications, physiological indicators of neural state are important because they are often more readily accessible and measurable in the field than more direct indicators of neural state derived from neuroimaging techniques. As discussed in Chapter 2 in the section on reliable biomarkers for neurophysiological states and behavioral outcomes and in Chapter 7 in the section on field-deployable biomarkers, the idea is to find a monitorable physiological condition that correlates to a neural state with sufficient accuracy and precision to be useful as a reliable sign of that state.
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From page 246... ...
Naval Health Research Center Technical Document No.
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