Neem A Tree for Solving Global Problems (1992) / Chapter Skim
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10 Next Steps
10 Next Steps
Pages 88-99
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From page 88... ...
They are perennials that will provide their products for decades, they pose little risk of becoming weeds, and, once established, they require little care. Moreover, growing tree crops these days is an advantage in itself.
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From page 89... ...
An orderly creation of plantations and markets with reliable availability of uniform, goodquality seeds at stable prices could see neem rise steadily to become one of the most widely grown trees in the world perhaps eventually rivaling the African oil palm in its value. Governments, agencies, and individuals that assist developing nations should support the development of neem plantings, underwrite projects to harvest and process the seeds for use in pest control and personal hygiene, and assist countries to develop high-quality ecotypes in terms of azadirachtin content and other desirable traits.
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From page 90... ...
Further research on specific crops and sites, pest organisms, formulations, and application methods is needed. Modes of Action Neem derivatives are promising pest control materials, but just how they work on various species is a topic deserving much greater research attention.
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From page 91... ...
Although powerful synthetic analogues have been developed, demand for the natural material has remained high, and in the past several years it has been in short supply. Now neem, another botanical pesticide, can perhaps step up to take an equally important, but complementary, role in the rising soft pesticide market.
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From page 92... ...
Human Resistance Recent surveys reveal that in both India and Pakistan most of the poorer farmers mix a "handful" of neem leaves in their stored grains to protect them from pests. However, the more affluent farmers, although aware of this practice, do not follow it.
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From page 93... ...
Azadirachtin, meliantriol, and salannin, for instance, might serve as models for the synthesis of insect-feeding inhibitors and growth regulators for controlling stored-grain pests, grasshoppers, locusts, nematodes, and other pests. Even if such synthetic analogues prove commercially feasible, it is unlikely they will cut greatly into the markets for the directly extracted neem materials.
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From page 94... ...
California's agriculture experts expect that eventually the blizzard-like swarms of tiny flies will destroy $200 million worth of winter vegetables. What will happen in future years is anybody's guess.
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From page 95... ...
HUMAN HEALTH Studies of neem's medicinal values are urgently needed and include the following topics: Effectiveness in alleviating pain or fever; Antibacterial and antiviral qualities; Control of dental cavities and pyorrhea; Use of neem twigs for teeth cleaning in areas where toothpastes are unavailable or beyond the budgets of poor people; · Topical treatments for lice; · Use of neem-leaf juice and neem oil in the treatment of psoriasis; · Topical treatment for warts; · Treatment for parasites in the human digestive tract; and · Treatment for parasites in the human blood and lymph systems, including those causing malaria, Chagas' disease, river blindness' elephantiasis, and sleeping sickness. VETERINARY MEDICINE Under normal use, neem apparently affects a variety of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, mollusks, and protozoan parasites, which may
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From page 96... ...
Research should be undertaken to confirm the ability of neem oil or neem-seed extracts or a combination of both to repel insects and ticks, as well as to soothe cuts and bruises and to cure scabies. Neem may also help with several serious tropical skin parasites those that cause mange in camels and donkeys, for example.
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From page 97... ...
Genetic selection for optimum branching from a stump cut close to the ground could be helpful here, as could research to determine the best time of the year and the best height at which to cut the trees. Rural producers in Burkina Faso already manage their neems like hedges (tenkodogo)
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From page 98... ...
Clarification of such features is important. Neem orchards established in this way could provide a regular supply of quality seed and oiland thereby become the basis for a thriving international industry based on neem ingredients.
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From page 99... ...
A siamensis is known as "edible neem" because its young leaves and flowers contain lower amounts of bitter principles than A
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